概念
表示過(guò)去了的動(dòng)作或事件.
I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰見了他.
構(gòu)成
表示一般過(guò)去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式來(lái)表示,而動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是在動(dòng)詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化如下：
一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed ,如：
worked played wanted acted
以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d,如：
lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed,如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 -ed,如：
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶.
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew is/am-was are-were see-saw bring-brough
用法：
（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞,詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).
I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作.
I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳?
（2）
一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過(guò)去式.時(shí)間標(biāo)志：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上個(gè)月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（兩個(gè)月前）, the day before yesterday（前天）,in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).
如：I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年).
When did you go to the park? （你是什么時(shí)候去的公園）.
I went to the park last week. （我是上周去的公園）
在上面的句子中第一句屬于be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；第二句和第三句屬于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài).
1． Be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞, am is 的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were.
構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +賓語(yǔ)
如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我遲到了.）
否定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +not+賓語(yǔ)
如：We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒遲到)
疑問句：Was (Were) +主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了嗎?）
肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的,我病了.)
否定句： No, I wasn't. (不,我沒病.)
特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+was (were) +主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
如：When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的?

讀法：
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音：
1. 在清輔音后讀作[t].如：asked, helped, watched, stopped
2. 在濁輔音和元音后讀作[d].如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called
3. 在t / d后讀作[id].如：wanted, needed
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法：
1. 以t結(jié)尾的詞,過(guò)去式與原形相同.如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d結(jié)尾的詞,把d變成t.如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加t.如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw結(jié)尾的詞,把ow / aw變成ew.如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t.如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的詞,將o / i變成a.如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞表：
原形 過(guò)去式
abide abode,
abided abode,
alight alighted,
arise arose
awake awoke
be was, were been
bear bore borne, born
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
beget begot begotten, begot
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent
bereave bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft
beseech besought, beseeched besought, beseeched
beset beset beset
bespeak bespoke bespoken, bespoke
bespread bespread bespread
bestrew bestrewed bestrewed, bestrewn
bestride bestrode bestridden, bestrid, bestrode
bet bet, betted bet, betted
betake betook betaken
bethink bethought bethought
bid bade, bid bidden, bid
bide bode, bided bided
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten, bit
bleed bled bled
blend blended, blent blended, blent
bless blessed, blest blessed, blest
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted
browbeat browbeat browbeaten
build built built
burn burnt, burned burnt, burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
can could -
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
chide chid, chided chid, chidden, chided
choose chose chosen
cleave cleaved, cleft, clove cleaved, cleft
cleave clave cloven
cling clung clung
clothe clothed, clad clothed, clad
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
crow crowed, crew crowed
cut cut cut
dare dared, durst dared
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dispread dispread dispread
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
fly fled fled
fly flied flied
forbear forbore forborne
forbid forbade, forbad forbidden
forecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted
fordo fordid fordone
forego forewent foregone
foreknow foreknew foreknown
forerun foreran forerun
foresee foresaw foreseen
foreshow foreshowed foreshown
foretell foretold foretold
forget forgot forgotten, forgot
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
forswear forswore forsworn
freeze froze frozen
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid
get got got, gotten
gild gilded, gilt gilded
gird girded, girt girded, girt
give gave given
go went gone
grave graved graven, graved
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hamstring hamstringed, hamstrung hamstringed, hamstrung
hang hung hung
hang hanged hanged
have had had
hear heard heard
heave heaved, hove heaved, hove
hew hewed hewed, hewn
hide hid hidden, hid
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
inlay inlaid inlaid
keep kept kept
kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled
knit knitted, knit knitted, knit
know knew known
lade laded laded, laden
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leaned, leant leaned, leant
leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped
learn learnt, learned learnt, learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
lie lied lied
light lit lit
light lighted lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
may might -
mean meant meant
meet met met
melt melted melted, melten
misdeal misdealt misdealt
misgive misgave misgiven
mislay mislaid mislaid
mislead misled misled
mistake mistook mistaken
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
mow mowed mowed, mown
must must -
ought ought -
outbid outbade, outbid outbidden, outbid
outbreed outbred outbred
outdo outdid outdone
outeat outate outeaten
outfight outfought outfought
outgo outwent outgone
outgrow outgrew outgrown
outlay outlaid outlaid
outride outrode outridden
outrun outran outrun
outsell outsold outsold
outshine outshone outshone
outshoot outshot outshot
outsit outsat outsat
outspend outspent outspent
outspread outspread outspread
outthrow outthrew outthrown
outthrust outthrust outthrust
outwear outwore outworn
overbear overbore overborne
overbid overbid overbidden, overbid
overblow overblew overblown
overbuild overbuilt overbuilt
overbuy overbought overbought
overcast overcast overcast
overcome overcame overcome
overdo overdid overdone
overdraw overdrew overdrawn
overdrive overdrove overdriven
overeat overate overeaten
overfeed overfed overfed
overfly overflew overflown
overgrow overgrew overgrown
overhang overhung overhung
overhear overheard overheard
overlade overladed overladed, overladen
overlay overlaid overlaid
overleap overleapt, overleaped overleapt, overleaped
overlie overlay overlain
overpay overpaid overpaid
override overrode overridden
overrun overran overrun
oversee oversaw overseen
oversell oversold oversold
overset overset overset
oversew oversewed oversewed, oversewn
overshoot overshot overshot
oversleep overslept overslept
overspend overspent overspent
overspread overspread overspread
overtake overtook overtaken
overthrow overthrew overthrown
overwind overwound overwound
overwrite overwrote overwritten
partake partook partaken
pay paid paid
precast precast precast
prechoose prechose prechosen
prove proved proved, proven
put put put
quit quitted, quit quitted, quit
read read read
reave reaved, reft reaved, reft
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
recast recast recast
reeve rove, reeved rove, reeved
relay relaid relaid
rend rent rent
repay repaid repaid
reset reset reset
retell retold retold
rid rid, ridded rid, ridded
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
rive riven riven, rived
run ran run
saw sawed sawn, sawed
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn, sewed
shake shook shaken
shall should -
shave shaved shaved, shaven
shear sheared shorn, sheared
shed shed shed
shine shone, shined shone, shined
shoe shod, shoed shod, shoed
shoot shot shot
show showed shown, showed
shred shredded, shred shredded, shred
shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk, shrunken
shrive shrove, shrived shriven, shrived
shut shut shut
sing sang, sung sung
sink sank, sunk sunk, sunken
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid, slidden
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
smell smelt, smelled smelt, smelled
smite smote smitten, smote
sow sowed sown, sowed
speak spoke spoken
speed sped, speeded sped, speeded
spell spelt, spelled spelt, spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled
spin spun spun
spit spat, spit spat, spit
split split split
spoil spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled
spread spread spread
spring sprang, sprung sprung
stand stood stood
stave staved, stove staved, stove
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank, stunk stunk
strew strewed strewn, strewed
stride strode stridden, strid
strike struck struck, stricken
string strung strung
strive strove, strived striven, strived
swear swore sworn
sweat sweat, sweated sweat, sweated
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen, swelled
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think tought thought
thrive throve, thrived thriven, thrived
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden, trod
unbend unbent unbent
unbind unbound unbound
unbuild unbuilt unbuilt
underbid underbid underbidden, underbid
underbuy underbought underbought
undercut undercut undercut
underdo underdid underdone
underfeed underfed underfed
undergo underwent undergone
underlay underlaid underlaid
underlet underlet underlet
underlie underlay underlain
underpay underpaid underpaid
underrun underran underrun
undersell undersold undersold
underset underset underset
undershoot undershot undershot
understand understood understood
undertake undertook undertaken
underwrite underwrote underwritten
undo undid undone
undraw undrew undrawn
unfreeze unfroze unfrozen
ungird ungirded, ungirt ungirded, ungirt
unhang unhung unhung
unknit unknitted, unknit unknitted, unknit
unlade unladed unladed, unladen
unlay unlaid unlaid
unlearn unlearnt, unlearned unlearnt, unlearned
unmake unmade unmade
unreeve unrove, unreeved unrove, unreeved
unsay unsaid unsaid
unset unset unset
unsling unslung unslung
unspeak unspoke unspoken
unstick unstuck unstuck
unstring unstrung unstrung
unswear unswore unsworn
unteach untaught untaught
unthink unthought unthought
untread untrod untrodden, untrod
unweave unwove unwoven
unwind unwound unwound
upbuild upbuilt upbuilt
upcast upcast upcast
uphold upheld upheld
uppercut uppercut uppercut
uprise uprose uprisen
upset upset upset
upsweep upswept upswept
upswing upswung upswung
wake waked, woke waked, woken, woke
waylay waylaid waylaid
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
wed wedded, wed wedded, wed
weep wept wept
wet wetted, wet wetted, wet
will would -
win won won
wind winded, wound winded, wound
wit wist wist
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
withhold withheld withheld
withstand withstood withstood
work worked worked
work wrought wrought
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written