I．基本概念
1.分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種.
2.分詞的否定式直接在分詞前面加not.
II.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)若表“正在被…”的概念,常用過去分詞而不用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式.
Followed by some students,the professor entered the lab.
II.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的功能
1.     做原因狀語(yǔ)
Not knowing his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
Taken good care of,the homeless child is living a happy life.
Not knowing where to go,the little boy asked a policeman for help.
Not having been invited to the party,Joan was greatly hurt.
Having lost the key,the boy couldn’t enter his house.
2.     做條件狀語(yǔ)
Given more care,the flowers could have grown better.
Given ten more minutes,I will finish the work better.
3.     做伴隨狀語(yǔ)
The old man walked in the street,followed by his son.
He was sitting there,lost in deep thought.
4.     做方式狀語(yǔ)
5.     做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Leaving some questions unanswered,the man said goodbye to us.
Walking down the street the other day,I saw a terrible accident.
III．
1.現(xiàn)在分詞完成式表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,一般在句中做時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ).
Having answered the letter,she went on to listen to the radio.
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式與過去分詞都表“完成”“被動(dòng)”,但前者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,而后者的時(shí)間性不強(qiáng).
Having been told to stay in Beijing,the boy decided not to return to his village.
IV.
1.     分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ).
While crossing the street,you should look around.
2.     當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞需要帶自己的主語(yǔ),從而構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).
The meeting being over, we all left the hall.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Health permitting,I will go and visit you.(條件狀語(yǔ))
He ran on the playground, sweat rolling down his face.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
Tom stood at the door, his hands crossed behind his head.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
The president being absent ,they had to put off the ceremony.(原因狀語(yǔ))