1.主語(yǔ)從句1）主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置,如果從句較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)又較短,可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將從句放在句末.常見(jiàn)的句型有：*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...2)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”,一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ).What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問(wèn)意義,但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,都用陳述語(yǔ)序.How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.2.賓語(yǔ)從句1）賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后.連詞that常可省略.介詞后一般接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.in that(因?yàn)?,except that(除了),but that(只是）已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.*I promised that I would change the situation.2.賓語(yǔ)從句1）賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后.連詞that?？墒÷?介詞后一般接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.in that(因?yàn)?,except that(除了),but that(只是）已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.*I promised that I would change the situation.3.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中.表語(yǔ)從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導(dǎo).that?？墒÷?如主句主語(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.2)賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ),要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替,而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后.He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.4.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo),由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo).常見(jiàn)的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短,將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后.She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.5.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子.定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo).*限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無(wú)逗號(hào),若省去,原句意思不完整.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時(shí)也可指物,相當(dāng)于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中.關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等.The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句.That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句,并且不可省略,但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí),作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that,也可省略.This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等.關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu).Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.6.狀語(yǔ)從句*時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等.As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句1）引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等.Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等.Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等.As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等.though,even if等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義.其結(jié)構(gòu)為“形容詞（副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞）+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”.No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等.as if,as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反.The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.