過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”.它是一個(gè)相對的時(shí)態(tài),只有在和過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才會(huì)用到..
E.g.:By the end of the match,they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.其結(jié)構(gòu)是“had+過去分詞”.它的否定句是在had后邊加not,變一般疑問句是把had提前.
E.g.I had reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.I had not reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.Had you reached the station before 9:00 o'clock?它通常和before,by the end of 等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用.另外,復(fù)合句的主句為一般過去時(shí),賓語從句表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句也要用過去完成時(shí).
e.g.He said he had never seen such an exciting match before.
做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：
一、had形式易寫錯(cuò)
例：He had (have) gone home when I got to his office.答案：had
析：have/has 的過去式都為had,had 在過去完成時(shí)中也是助動(dòng)詞,不能再有單三人稱的變化.
二、易與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)弄混
例：He asked what I have (have) said.答案：had
解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果．而過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去的影響或結(jié)果.
三、易與一般過去時(shí)弄混
例：She lived (live) in New York for eight years before he came to China.答案：had lived
解析：一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).而過去完成時(shí)主要體現(xiàn)過去發(fā)生的兩動(dòng)作先后有別,即比過去發(fā)生的某動(dòng)作還要“過去”,兩動(dòng)作中先發(fā)生的是過去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的則只用一般過去時(shí).