由動(dòng)詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、詞組很多.復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)分類處理：
一、動(dòng)詞+介詞
1．look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2．listen to…聽……
3．welcome to…歡迎到……
4．say hello to …向……問好
5．speak to…對(duì)……說話
此類短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,其后必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之后.
二、動(dòng)詞+副詞
“動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語義分為兩類：
A．動(dòng)詞（vt.）+副詞
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脫下 3．write down記下
此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前后皆可；賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面.
B．動(dòng)詞（vi）+副詞.
1．come on趕快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家
4．come in進(jìn)來 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立
此類短語屬于不及物動(dòng)詞,不可以帶賓語.
三、其它類動(dòng)詞詞組
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介詞短語聚焦]
“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語稱為介詞短語.現(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進(jìn)行歸類.
1．in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著…….
2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/隊(duì)/班級(jí)/年級(jí)”等.
3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時(shí)間.
4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”.
5．in the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”.
6．in the wall表示“在墻上（凹陷進(jìn)去）”；on the wall表示“在墻上（指墻的表面）”.
7．a(chǎn)t work（在工作）/at school（上學(xué)）/at home（在家）應(yīng)注意此類短語中無the.
8．a(chǎn)t + 時(shí)刻表示鐘點(diǎn).
9．like this/that表示方式,意為“像……這/那樣”.
10．of短語表示所屬關(guān)系.
11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所.
12．from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從……”,后者意為“到……”.
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握.如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等.
[重點(diǎn)句型大回放]
1．I think…意為“我認(rèn)為……”,是對(duì)某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型.其否定式常用I don’t think…,
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動(dòng)詞give之后可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型；若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時(shí),則只能用give it/ them to sb.
3．take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,后常接地點(diǎn),也可接人.
4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一個(gè)是……；另一個(gè)是……”,必須是兩者中.
5．Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,其否定式為Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內(nèi),后者不包括聽者在內(nèi),
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ),后者用介詞短語作賓補(bǔ),二者可以互換.
7．What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎么樣?”是用來詢問或征求對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)、意見、看法等.about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式.
8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意為“該做……的時(shí)間了”,其中to后須接原形動(dòng)詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式.
9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”, 前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動(dòng)作；后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,
10．a(chǎn)sk sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點(diǎn).
12．introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人”；introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”.
[重點(diǎn)短語快速復(fù)習(xí)]
1.kinds of 各種各樣的
2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones'way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的盡頭,在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及時(shí)
13. make one’s way to…往……（艱難地）走去
14. just then 正在那時(shí)
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走錯(cuò)路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵鬧,喧嘩
19. get on 上車
20. get off 下車
21. stand in line 站隊(duì)
22. waiting room 候診室,候車室
23. at the head of……在……的前頭
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 亂丟,拋散
26. in fact 實(shí)際上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 給某人體溫
31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛
32. have a headache 頭痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地,反復(fù)地
38. wake up 醒來,叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 檢查
41. take exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按時(shí)
45. out of從……向外
46. all by oneself 獨(dú)立,單獨(dú)
47. lots of=a lot of 許多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回來,取回
50. sooner or later遲早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追趕
54. take sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顧,照料
56. think of 考慮到,想起
57. keep a diary 堅(jiān)持寫日記
58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下
59. harder and harder 越來越厲害
60. turn on打開（電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣等）
61. turn off 關(guān)
[重溫重點(diǎn)句型]
1．So + be／助動(dòng)詞／情牽動(dòng)詞／主語．
前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人（物）時(shí),常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示“另一人（物）也如此.”前面陳述的否定情況也適于另一人（物）時(shí),常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語．”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).
注意：“So+主語+be／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞．”這一句型常用于表示贊同,進(jìn)一步肯定對(duì)方的看法,表示“的確如此.”“是呀.”
2．Turn right／left at the first／second／…crossing.
這一指路的句型意為“在第一／二／……個(gè)十字路口向右／左拐.”相當(dāng)于Take the first ／second／…turning on theright／left.
3．It takes sb．some time to do sth．
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時(shí)間.”其中的it是形式主語,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）才是真正的主語.
4．…think／find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式賓語,不可用其它代詞替代,形容詞作賓語的補(bǔ)足語,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）才是真正的賓語.
5．What’s wrong with…?
此句型相當(dāng)于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作賓語時(shí),意為“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作賓語時(shí),意為“某人怎么了?”
6．too…to…
在so…that…復(fù)合句中,that后的句子是否定句時(shí),常與簡單句too…to…（太……而不能……）進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換.
在so…that…復(fù)合句中,that后的句子是肯定句時(shí),常與簡單句…enough to…進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換.
7．Sorry to hear that.
全句應(yīng)為I’m sorry to hear that. 意為“聽到此事我很難過（遺憾）.”常用于對(duì)別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意.
[重點(diǎn)句型、詞組大盤點(diǎn)]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過去是一位漢語老師.
[用法] used to + 動(dòng)詞原形,表示過去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意.
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比較] used to do sth. 過去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用來做某事.
2.…return it sooner or later.
……遲早要將它歸還.
[用法] l)sooner or later意為“遲早”、“早晚”.
2)return此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“歸還”,相當(dāng)于give back.
[拓展]return還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“返回”,相當(dāng)于go back或come back.
3.No matter what the weather is like…無論天氣……
[用法]no matter what 相當(dāng)于whatever,其意為“無論什么”,引導(dǎo)狀語從句.
[拓展]類似no matter what的表達(dá)方式還有：
no matter when無論什么時(shí)候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無論什么地方
no matter who無論誰
no matter how 無論怎么樣
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習(xí)講英語.
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“實(shí)踐、練習(xí)（做）某事”.
[拓展]practice名詞,“實(shí)踐”、“實(shí)施”、“練習(xí)”；put a plan into practice實(shí)行某計(jì)劃.
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓勵(lì)大家參加保護(hù)我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動(dòng).
[用法]1)encourage用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“鼓勵(lì)”、“支持”.
2)take part in“參加”,常表示參加活動(dòng).
3)protect 是動(dòng)詞,表示“防御”、“保護(hù)”.
[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵(lì)或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當(dāng)心水里的鯊魚.
[用法] warn用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“警告”、“警戒”.
[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that從句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.告誡某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人當(dāng)心某事/不要做某事
常用動(dòng)詞短語
1.have: have a cold\cough\fever\headache\pain have a great effect on
have a good time have a match\meeting\discussion had better do sth
have no choice but to do sthhave a rest have on
2.make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a facemake an effort to do sth make a living make up one’s mind to do sth make a mistakemake a noise make a speechmake an apology make it a rule
make itmake into make…out of… make up
make ofmake from make a call
3.take:take a seat take a message for take an interest in
take offtake on (a new look)take overtake steps to do
take some measures to do sth take care take chargetake part in
take placetake the place of take turns to do sth take medicine
take up
4. go:go cold go hungrybe gonego dad want a go
go skating\fishing\shopping\swimminggo on doing sth go on to do sthgo on with sthgo downgo well go headgo out
go over go against go withoutgo on a picnicgo through
5.get:get down to doing sthget hurt\married\dressed\caught
get over get offget ready for get upget in get through get on well with get together get in to the habit of doing
get used to doing sth get rid ofget tired of
6.put:put on put forward put off put out
put up put on weightput awayput down
7.play:play an important part inplay an important role in
play football play the piano
8.keep:keep back keep in touch with keep offkeep out
keep one’s promise keep upkeep up withkeep sb from doing
keep on doingkeep order
9.give:give away give out give offgive up
give in give some advice on… give a talk on sthgive first aid
10.come: come aboutcome acrosscome on come out
come to oneselfcome truecome up
11.bring:bring downbring inbring upbring along
12.break:break downbreak outbreak away from
break up break intobreak offbreak in
13.turn:turn down turn to sbturn into turn off turn inturn overturn against turn away turn on
turn upturn out to…
14.look:look out look up look down uponlook after
look at look forlook aroundlook overlook as if
look forward to doing sth look back uponlook intolook on
15.do: do sb a favourdo up do one’s hairdo a good deeddo wrong
1.弄清詞語自身結(jié)構(gòu)用法學(xué)生做題時(shí)往往僅限于依據(jù)詞語的中文含義,簡單對(duì)照.這樣就造成了許多中文正確,而英語結(jié)構(gòu)上的錯(cuò)誤.如“允許某人干某事”,allow sb to do sth,而不可用做agree sb to do sth.“同意干某事”說allow doing sth.而agree卻應(yīng)為agree to do sth.再如:“希望某人去干某事”expect sb to do sth.不可說為hopesbtodosth.“建議某人去干某事”,說advise sb to do.就不可說是suggest sb to do sth.這是根據(jù)動(dòng)詞自身的基本用法而決定的.這些更需要學(xué)習(xí)中不斷積累.
下面是一些常用動(dòng)詞的不同結(jié)構(gòu)用法：
A.以下動(dòng)詞與不定式連用即afford to do sth .afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,failhappen,
help,
hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,used,want,wish
B.以下動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)名詞連用即admit doing sth admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,can’t help,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,insiston,keep,mind,miss,
order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggest
C.以下動(dòng)詞與不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)連用即advise sb to do sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,
long for,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc.let,have,make,(使役動(dòng)詞后的不定式去掉to)see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel(感官動(dòng)詞后的不定式去掉to)
常用動(dòng)詞短語
1.have: have a cold\cough\fever\headache\pain have a great effect on
have a good time have a match\meeting\discussion had better do sth
have no choice but to do sthhave a rest have on
2.make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a facemake an effort to do sth make a living make up one’s mind to do sth make a mistakemake a noise make a speechmake an apology make it a rule
make itmake into make…out of… make up
make ofmake from make a call
3.take:take a seat take a message for take an interest in
take offtake on (a new look)take overtake steps to do
take some measures to do sth take care take chargetake part in
take placetake the place of take turns to do sth take medicine
take up
4. go:go cold go hungrybe gonego dad want a go
go skating\fishing\shopping\swimminggo on doing sth go on to do sthgo on with sthgo downgo well go headgo out
go over go against go withoutgo on a picnicgo through
5.get:get down to doing sthget hurt\married\dressed\caught
get over get offget ready for get upget in get through get on well with get together get in to the habit of doing
get used to doing sth get rid ofget tired of
6.put:put on put forward put off put out
put up put on weightput awayput down
7.play:play an important part inplay an important role in
play football play the piano
8.keep:keep back keep in touch with keep offkeep out
keep one’s promise keep upkeep up withkeep sb from doing
keep on doingkeep order
9.give:give away give out give offgive up
give in give some advice on… give a talk on sthgive first aid
10.come: come aboutcome acrosscome on come out
come to oneselfcome truecome up
11.bring:bring downbring inbring upbring along
12.break:break downbreak outbreak away from
break up break intobreak offbreak in
13.turn:turn down turn to sbturn into turn off turn inturn overturn against turn away turn on
turn upturn out to…
14.look:look out look up look down uponlook after
look at look forlook aroundlook overlook as if
look forward to doing sth look back uponlook intolook on
15.do: do sb a favourdo up do one’s hairdo a good deeddo wrong