be 動詞用法歸納

be是一個多功能動詞,現(xiàn)將它的用法歸納如下：
　　一、系動詞be
　　be可以用作連系動詞,中心詞義是“是”,句型為“主＋系＋表”結(jié)構(gòu).be的形式常用am, is, are(現(xiàn)在式)；was, were(過去式)；will/can/may/must be(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋原形)；have/has/had been(助動詞＋過去分詞)等.如：
To help animals is helping people. （一般現(xiàn)在時）
幫助動物就是幫助人類.
The twins were very busy yesterday.（一般過去時）
這對雙胞胎昨天很忙.
It will be sunny tomorrow.（一般將來時）
明天天氣晴朗.
She has been ill for over a week.（現(xiàn)在完成時）
她已經(jīng)病了一個星期多了.
【注意】有以下三類系動詞：
1. “存在”類:表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài),這類連系動詞強調(diào)“存在”.常見的有：be（是）,look（看起來）,feel（摸上去）,seem（似乎是）,appear（似乎、顯得）,prove（證明是）,smell（聞起來）taste（嘗起來）,sound（聽起來）等.如：
The story sounds beautiful. 這故事聽起來很動聽.
Those oranges taste good.這些桔子嘗起來很好.
2. “持續(xù)”類：表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù).這類連系動詞強調(diào)“持續(xù)”.常見的有：remain（依然）,keep（保持）,stay（保持）,continue（繼續(xù)、仍舊）,stand（處于某狀況或情形）等.如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
你為什么不把肉放到冰箱里呢?它將會保鮮幾天.
Please keep quiet in the reading room. 閱覽室里請保持安靜.
3. “變化”類：表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài).這類連系動詞強調(diào)“變化”后的情況或狀態(tài).常見的有：become（變成）,turn（變成）,grow（變得）, go（變得）等.如：
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
在熱天,把魚放到冰箱里,否則它要變壞的.
【練習(xí)】用be,smell,taste,go,get,become,grow,seem,look,feel,turn的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. Youvery young.
2. At first those questions(看上去)easy, but later I found them difficult.
3. After the sports meeting, hevery tired.
4. My younger brother(成為) a student last year.
5. When weup(長大), we're going to help build up our country.
6. The flowersvery sweet.
7. Her face(變成)red.
8. Jackvery happy.
9. Now the mooncakegood.
10. The meatbad yesterday.
【答案】 1. look/are 2. seemed3. felt/was 4. became5. grow
6. smell/are 7. turned8.looks/is9. tastes/is 10.went/was
　　二、助動詞be
　　Be可以用作助動詞,無詞義,輔助主要動詞一起在句中作謂語動詞.用法如下：
　　1. be+doing：構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài),有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種進(jìn)行時態(tài).如：
The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
女孩子們現(xiàn)在正在朗讀、抄寫新單詞.
Young Tom was having an English class at this time yesterday morning.
小湯姆昨天這個時候正在上英語課.
　　2. be+done：構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)（主語是動作的承受者,done必須是及物動詞）.如：
Tea is grown in my hometown.（一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)）
我們家鄉(xiāng)種茶葉.
This building was built three years ago.（一般過去時的被動語態(tài)）
這幢樓是三年前造的.
Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.（現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)）
我們的教室已經(jīng)打掃、整理過了.
How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?（含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)）
這種蛋糕怎么能在你家里制作呢?
That is a day never to be forgotten.（動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)）
那是永遠(yuǎn)無法忘記的一天.
　　3. be+going to do,表示“打算或?qū)⒁瞿呈隆?be有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種形式.如：
We are going to plant trees in the park tomorrow.
明天我們將到公園里去種樹.
I didn't know if she was going to come here.
我不知道她是否到這里來.
　　4. be+to do,表示“按計劃安排將要做某事”.如：
The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.
這家新店將要到下周一才開業(yè).
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.
一天晚上,一個天使到瑪麗那里并告訴她將誕生一個特殊的嬰兒.
【練習(xí)】翻譯下列句子
1. 他們現(xiàn)在正在開會.Theya meeting now.　
2. 如今英語越來越重要了.Englishmore and more important these days.
3. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的.The windowby Tom last week.　
4. 世界各地都教英語.Englishall over the world.　
5. 他下周要去紐約.HeNew York next week.
6. 我們要教新的學(xué)生.Wethe new students.
7. 他們昨天這個時候正在開會.Theya meeting at this time yesterday.　
8. 明天我們將到公園里去種樹嗎?wetrees in the park tomorrow?
【答案】1.are having 2. is becoming 3.was broken4.is taught
5.is to go to 6.are to teach7.were having 8.Are, going to plant
　　三、there be句型
　　Bbe可以用在there be 句型中.there be句式為：there be+主語部分＋狀語部分,表示“某處存在某物”,有現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時等時態(tài).如：
Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.
哦,真酷!三亞有許多可看的東西,那兒甚至有一個鹿園.
There are about 80 goats on the top of the hill.
山頂上大約有八十只山羊.
Will there be a football match in your school next week?
下周你們學(xué)校將有一場足球賽嗎?
【練習(xí)】用there be句型的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. Therea girl in the room now.
2. Look, theresome apples on the tree.
3.there any kites in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
4.there any apple juice in the bottle?
5. Theresome bread on the plate.
6. Therea boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park at this time.
7.there a robot（機器人）in your factory in the near future（不久的將來）?
8. Theretwo girls, a boy, three men and ten women in the park at this time.
【答案】1.is2. are3. Were4. Is
5.is6.is7. Will, be8. are
　　四、實義動詞be
Be可以視為實義動詞,因為它具有實際的詞義,如“成為；做；發(fā)生；舉行；逗留；到達(dá)”等.如：
I am a student now.（be+名詞）
我現(xiàn)在是一個學(xué)生了.
This small bag is red. （be+形容詞）
這個小小的包是紅色的.
My little daughter was seven years old last year. （be+數(shù)詞）
我的小女兒去年是七歲.
Whose socks are they? （be+代詞）
這些襪子是誰的?
Your mother and father were both at home yesterday evening. （be+介詞短語）
昨天晚上,你的爸爸和媽媽都在家.
My dream is to be a doctor. （be+不定式短語）
我的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生.
My dream is that I can be a doctor. （be+表語從句）
我的夢想是我能成為一名醫(yī)生.
【練習(xí)】用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. Ia boy. you a boy? No, Inot.
2. Look, this dogtall and fat.
3. The man with big eyesa teacher now.
4. Mike and Liu Taoat school the day before yesterday.
5. The two cups of milkfor me.
6.The coaton the desk just now.
7. This pair of glovesfor Yang Ling.
8. You, he and Ifrom China.
9. Some cups of wateron the table now.
10. Reading books and doing sportsgood for you.
【答案】1.am, Are, am2. is 3. is 4. were 5. are
6.was 7.is 8. are9. are10. are