Rear-end Collisions
Rear-end Collisions, in which one vehicle runs into the back of another, can be treated in the same way as head-on collisions, except that the closing speed is the difference between the two speeds, and, while the occupants of the striking car suffer a frontal impact similar to that experienced in head-on collisions and tend to travel forward with respect to the car, those in the struck car tend to travel backwards relative to the car and therefore apply forces to the back of the seat.
Impacts with Walls
In impacts of cars with walls, at all angles of approach( the angle between long axis of vehicle and wall) more than about 40°(see Fig.21.1), the impact is effectively a head-on collision, though less severe than impacts at angles approaching 90°, and the front-seat occupants move towards the windscreen.
The velocity of impact with the windscreen, steering assembly or instrument panel decreases as the angle of approach becomes smaller, but is greatly influenced by the coefficient of friction between the car and the wall; for example, when the coefficient changes from 0.25 to 0.5( approximately from a wooden surface to a concrete wall), the impact velocities of the occupants on the interior of the car are approximately doubled.
After impact the car may rotate towards or away from the wall-towards the wall if friction with the wall is low, and/or the angle of approach is small, and away from it when the friction is high, and/or the angle of approach is large.
4 Intersection Collisions
Almost all intersection car collisions involve a striking and a struck car. The striking car suffers mainly frontal impact, and the struck car a side impact. In most such accidents the paths of the two cars are at right angles, probably at a crossroads or Tjunction. The struck car is usually moving more slowly than the striking car. In one investigation about 50 per cent of the struck cars were judged to be travelling at less than 2omile/h(32km/h), and in about 60 percent the angles between colliding vehicles were about 90°.
車尾碰撞
所謂車尾碰撞,即其中一輛車撞到另一輛車的車尾,可以用對待車頭對撞一樣的方式處理,除了閉合速度(好像是和排擋有關(guān))是兩者之間速度間的差別,同時碰撞的汽車駕駛者遭受正面撞擊類似經(jīng)歷的正面碰撞的汽車,那些被困住的車會向后倒車,因此強加力于后座.
與墻體的影響
在汽車的影響與墻,在各個角度的辦法（之間的夾角長軸車和墻）超過約40 ° （見Fig.21.1 ）的影響,實際上是一個迎頭相撞,但不是那么嚴重的影響角度接近90 ° ,和前座乘員朝著擋風(fēng)玻璃.
速度的影響與擋風(fēng)玻璃,方向盤組裝或儀表板隨角度的辦法變小,但影響較大的摩擦系數(shù)之間的汽車和墻;例如,當變化系數(shù)從0.25到0.5 （大約從一個木制表面的混凝土墻） ,速度的影響的住戶的室內(nèi)汽車大約增加了一倍.
影響后車可旋轉(zhuǎn)的或遠離墻對墻摩擦,如果墻上低,和/或角的做法是小國,并遠離它時,摩擦是很高,和/或角做法是大.
第4交叉口碰撞
幾乎所有的汽車碰撞交匯涉及一個突出和一個擊中汽車.汽車的罷工主要是受到鋒面影響,并擊中車側(cè)的影響.在大多數(shù)這類事故的道路兩輛賽車都成直角,可能在一個十字路口或Tjunction .該組織通常是賽車運動更為緩慢的驚人車.在一個調(diào)查,百分之五十的擊中汽車被認為是行駛不到2omile /小時（ 32公里每小時） ,并在大約百分之六十之間的角度相撞車輛約90 ° .
語法絕對沒問題的
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