if
if
[If; if]
連接詞
A
1 如果…,假使…
a.[就現(xiàn)在、過去、未來可能實(shí)現(xiàn)之事加以推測時]
If you are tired,we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了,我們就直接回家
If you have finished reading this book,please return it to me.
如果你念完這本書,請把它還給我
If he did it,he committed a crime.
如果他做了那件事,他就犯了罪
I'll be hanged [damned] if I obey him.(
口語)我才不會聽他的話
Do you mind if I open the window?.
如果我打開窗子,你介意嗎?
(我可以打開窗子嗎?)
I shall tell him if he comes.
如果他來了,我會告訴他
b.
If you knew how I suffered,you would pity me.
如果你知道我多么受苦,你會同情我
If I were you,I would help him.
如果我是你,我會幫助他
c.
If I had known,I wouldn't have done it.
假使我知道,我就不會做那件事
If he had followed my advice,he wouldn't be in such difficulty now.
如果他聽從我的勸告,他現(xiàn)在就不會陷入如此的困境
d.
If it should rain tomorrow,I shall not [shan't,won't] come.
萬一明天下雨,我就不來
e.
If I were to die tomorrow,what would you do?.
要是我明天死了,你怎么辦?
2 a.即使… (even though)
If he be ever so rich.
.(古)即使他很富有…
If I am wrong,you are not absolutely right.
即使我錯,你也不一定絕對正確
He is a good if mischievous boy.
即使他再頑皮,還是個好孩子
His manner,if patronizing,was not unkind.
他的態(tài)度即使有點(diǎn)傲慢,也不能說是不和善
I don't care if I go.(
口語)我可以去; 我去也可以
(對于邀請的肯定回答)
→ even if,if not.
b.即使…,然而… (whereas)
If he was not industrious in his youth,he now works very hard.
誠然,他年輕的時候不勤奮,然而現(xiàn)在他工作很賣力
3 每逢…時,不論何時 (whenever)
If I feel any doubt,I ask.
每逢有疑問時我就發(fā)問
4 [省略結(jié)論的主句,單獨(dú)用作表示驚嘆、愿望等的感嘆句]
If I only knew!=If only I knew!.
要是我知道的話該多好!
If I haven't lost my watch!.
要是沒丟掉表該多好!
(該死,丟了表!)
Why,if it isn't Mr.Smith!.
嗨,那不正是史密斯先生!
B [引導(dǎo)間接疑問句] 是不是… (whether)
Ask him if it is true.
問他那是不是真的
I wonder if he is in the school.
我不知道他是否在學(xué)校
as if → as
even if
即使
Even if you do not like it,you must do it.
即使你不喜歡那件事,你也得去做
if a day [an inch,a penny,etc.]
一天 [一?一便士] 不少,確實(shí),至少
He is seventy if a day.(.
一天也不差) 他確實(shí)有七十歲
The enemy is 2000 strong,if a man.(.
一個也不少) 敵軍至少有兩千人
He measures six feet,if an inch.(.
家膊簧?他至少有六?nI have walked 15 miles,if a yard.(.
一碼也不少) 我確實(shí)已走了十五哩
if any
即使有,如果有的話
There are few (books),if any.
即使有 (書) 也很少
There is little (wine),if any.
即使有 (葡萄酒) 也很少
Correct errors,if any.
如果有錯誤,即予以訂正
if anything
要說有什么區(qū)別的話,甚至可能,說起來
Things are,if anything,improving.
事態(tài)甚至可能好轉(zhuǎn)
True greatness has little,if anything,to do with rank and power.
說起來,真正的偉大與地位權(quán)力沒什么關(guān)系
if anywhere
如有任何地方
if at all → at all
If it had not been for
如果沒有…的話 (But for?)
If it had not been for.
= Had it not been for your advice,I couldn'thave done it.如果沒有你的忠告,我不可能完成那件事
If it were not for?
如果沒有…的話 (But for?)
If it were not for (= Were it not for) the sun,nothing could live.
如果沒有太陽的話,任何東西都不能生存
if necessary [possible]
如果有必要,如果可能
I will do so,if necessary.
如果有必要,我會這樣做
if not
(1)即使不是…
It is highly desirable,if not essential,to draw the distinction.
即使非屬必要,但仍然宜加以區(qū)別
(2)如果不是…
Where should I get stationery,if not at a department store .
如果不是在百貨公司,我該在哪里買文具?
if only
(1)→ conj.A 4
(2)即使只…
We must respect him if only for his honesty [if only because he is honest].
即使只為了他的誠實(shí),我們也必須尊敬他
I want to go if only to see his face.
光是為了見他一面,我也要去
if you like → like
if you please → please
What if?→what pron
可數(shù)名詞
(pl.s)
條件; 假設(shè),假使
There are too many ifs in his speech.
他說話中有太多的“假使”
ifs and buts
事情延后的理由 [借口]
Do it now,and no ifs and buts!.
現(xiàn)在就做,不要盡找借