Yuanmingyuan [1] is located in Beijing haidian district, and the Summer Palace tight western. It was built in major churches (union joins), by the Ming, changchun, WanChun tang (spring) three parks. Have more than 100 gardens landscape, building area more than 16 million square meters, is the qing dynasty emperors in 150 years to create and management of a large GongYuan royal. Pour the qing dynasty, countless skillful seiko resources, fill in the lake, planting flowers wood, integrating scenic spots, 40, built large buildings 145 is adduction of the cultural art treasures and books. In the construction of Chinese style, besides the courtyard garden, changchun and merchant, far view on the western style ying buildings, known as "the garden of million [2]". 1860 October 6th ransacked by the anglo-french allied forces, relics were plunder, 18-19, garden buildings were burned. In 1900 coalition invaded Beijing attacks, empress dowager cixi momentum-builder emperor guangxu his soldiers, bandits, the eight banners that the remaining knaves garden in succession and fish in troubled waters of about 100 basic repair buildings and open to rob, Ming buildings and fomous trees were destroyed. Subsequently, the relics and long-term yuanmingyuan by bureaucrats, warlords, according to government authorities, and even it.some to damage. Beiyang government to follow certain sites have understood that protect yuanmingyuan are relying on powerful, in succession from the stone carvings, etc.), to accompany the garden house repaired. The invaders plundered the precious not only, and the historical relics relentessly put it into ashes. Covers an area of more than mus 52 hectares (3.5), water surface area about 140 hectares (2100 mu of land yuanmingyuan), building area more than 10000 square meters, the imperial palace is a water area, and total 8.5 Forbidden City is unexpectedly!
　　It inherits the China more than 3000 years of excellent traditional gardening, both the palace architecture is elegant, and colorful landscape of euphemism jiangnan, at the same time, and from the European landscape architectural form, the different style of landscape architecture in on integral layout, make the person feels in perfect harmony. Although it: "by people do, wan since opening day". Only by famous garden yuanmingyuan, but also a royal museum collection quite rich. In France the great writer Hugo had said: "even in all the treasures of Notre Dame all together, nor with the grand and stately as" east museum. The palace garden inside adornment to count of red sandalwood wood furniture is displayed at home and abroad, there are many rare relics. The garden is one of the four major problems CangShuLou royal pavilion. The garden boasts everywhere "si ku quan shu, compendium of was so valuable book of cultural relics.
　　Yuanmingyuan, whose grand regional scale, outstanding construction techniques, exquisite architectural JingQun, rich culture collection and profound cultural connotation and reputation in the world, is regarded as "all gardening art model" and the "garden".
　　Yet miracle and mythological yuanmingyuan into ruins, only for visitors, deep dilapidated building.
　　Name origin:
　　"But", is named by the emperor kangxi. XuanYe imperial book, hang dirty plaque above the temple in yuanmingyuan lintel. In this YuanMing yongzheng emperor, "explained a Ming" word meaning is: "the gentleman, the lost; and also the wisdom shines da." Mean, "circle" refers to the individual character perfection and beyond, "Bright" refers to the political performance mingguang shine, perfect wisdom. It is the feudal ruling class MingJunXianXiang as the ideal standard.
　　In addition, "Ming emperor yongzheng emperor" is the use of stones period has been, yongzheng emperor chongxin Buddhism, "laymen" Ming, and has a deep study of Buddhism. "The royal choose sayings of the 19th and dealt jian bian's vision. In the qing dynasty, the buddhist sect in ChanMen ZongJiang yongzheng emperor, and with "the Lord" identity to impose influence Buddhism, Taoism to advocate "unity" and "zen Buddhism, is" the net history is very important. In the garden kangxi gave 禛 yingzhen after yongzheng emperor (), QinTi YuanMing yuanmingyuan "is for" means to take the yongzheng stones "Ming".
　　Landscape architectural features:
　　Yuanmingyuan collected at some wonderful characteristics of jiangnan gardens, ancient Chinese gardening art with the essence of the garden, the garden of arts, poetic melt in the scene of les. Yuanmingyuan imperial court for the southern district, is the emperor of processing business, the most famous is the legitimate house when hearing. While the rest of the 40 scenic spot, which has more than 50 sights directly from imitating the scenery, such as henin or AnLan garden. The moon in hangzhou, suzhou, world sunsets lion forest... Not only imitate building, even the name also copy. There AnYou palace of ancestor worship, held ShuiChangLou high mountain, the picture of the seazan castles YaoTai penglai, tao yuanming realm of wuling springs. More interesting is, western-style garden was built in the summer. The most famous "palaces" is a western fountain, and the labyrinth and flower million in national etc., all has the Italian Renaissance style. In the lake in a city model, the emperor sit can appreciate the mountain scenery outside the wall "watertowns".
　　Artistic features:
　　ZhenBaoGuan yuanmingyuan is a, or a was the world's largest royal museums, galleries, collect many treasures, books and art. Inside contain the celebrity calligraphy and painting, BiFu classics, ZhongDing vessels of gold and silver jewelry, on rare relics of ancient cultural essence. But also a rare wood flowers, rare flowers in the garden millions of plants. Complete the westerners witnessed yuanmingyuan garden she called "the king." million, Indeed, if today, and 140 years ago this extremely giant garden is worthy of "the world" king of garden.
　　圓明園[1]坐落在北京西郊海淀,與頤和園緊相毗鄰.它始建于康熙46年（1707年）,由圓明、長春、萬春(綺春)三園組成.有園林風(fēng)景百余處,建筑面積逾16萬平方米,是清朝帝王在150余年間創(chuàng)建和經(jīng)營的一座大型皇家宮苑.清王朝傾全國物力,集無數(shù)精工巧匠,填湖堆山,種植奇花異木,集國內(nèi)外名勝40景,建成大型建筑物145處,內(nèi)收難以計數(shù)的藝術(shù)珍品和圖書文物.在這些建筑中,除具有中國風(fēng)格的庭院外,長春園內(nèi)還有海晏堂、遠(yuǎn)瀛觀等西洋風(fēng)格的建筑群,被譽為“萬園之園[2]”.1860年10月6日英法聯(lián)軍洗劫圓明園,文物被劫掠,18日-19日,園中的建筑被燒毀.1900年八國聯(lián)軍入侵北京燒殺擄掠,慈禧太后挾光緒皇帝逃奔西安,八旗兵丁,土匪地痞即趁火打劫把園殘存和陸續(xù)基本修復(fù)的共約近百座建筑物,皆拆搶一空,使圓明的建筑和古樹名木遭到徹底毀滅.其后,圓明園的遺物,又長期遭到官僚、軍閥、奸商巧取豪奪,乃至政府當(dāng)局的有組織地?fù)p毀.北洋政府的權(quán)貴們包括某些對圓明園遺址負(fù)有保護責(zé)任者,都倚仗權(quán)勢,紛紛從圓明園內(nèi)運走石雕 、太湖石等,以修其園宅.那侵略者不僅搶奪了那珍貴的歷史文物,而且毫不留情地把它化成灰燼.占地350公頃（5200余畝）,其中水面面積約140公頃（2100畝）,圓明園的陸上建筑面積比故宮還多一萬平方米,水域面積又等于一個頤和園,總面積竟等于8.5個紫禁城!
　　它繼承了中國三千多年的優(yōu)秀造園傳統(tǒng),既有宮廷建筑的雍容華貴,又有江南水鄉(xiāng)園林的委婉多姿,同時,又吸取了歐洲的園林建筑形式,把不同風(fēng)格的園林建筑融為一體,在整體布局上使人感到和諧完美.真可謂："雖由人做,宛自天開".圓明園不僅以園林著稱,而且也是一座收藏相當(dāng)豐富的皇家博物館.法國大作家雨果曾說："即使把我國所有圣母院的全部寶物加在一起,也不能同這個規(guī)模宏大而富麗堂皇的東方博物館媲美".園內(nèi)各殿堂內(nèi)裝飾有難以計數(shù)的紫檀木家具,陳列有許多國內(nèi)外稀世文物.園中文源閣是全國四大皇家藏書樓之一.園中各處藏有《四庫全書》、《古今圖書集成》、《四庫全書薈要》等珍貴圖書文物.
　　圓明園,曾以其宏大的地域規(guī)模、杰出的營造技藝、精美的建筑景群、豐富的文化收藏和博大精深的民族文化內(nèi)涵而享譽于世,被譽為“一切造園藝術(shù)的典范”和“萬園之園”.
　　至今奇跡和神話般的圓明園變成一片廢墟,只剩斷垣殘壁,供游人憑吊.
　　名稱由來：
　　“圓明園”,是由康熙皇帝命名的.玄燁御書三字匾額,就懸掛在圓明園殿的門楣上方.對這個園名雍正皇帝有個解釋,說“圓明”二字的含義是：“圓而入神,君子之時中也；明而普照,達(dá)人之睿智也.”意思是說,“圓”是指個人品德圓滿無缺,超越常人；“明”是指政治業(yè)績明光普照,完美明智.這可以說是封建時代統(tǒng)治階級標(biāo)榜明君賢相的理想標(biāo)準(zhǔn).
　　另外,“圓明”是雍正皇帝自皇子時期一直使用的佛號,雍正皇帝崇信佛教,號“圓明居士”,并對佛法有很深的研究.著有《御選語錄》19卷和《御制揀魔辨異錄》.在清初的佛教宗派格局中,雍正皇帝以禪門宗匠自居,并以“天下主”的身份對佛教施以影響,努力提倡“三教合一”和“禪凈合一”,是佛教發(fā)展史上非常重要的人物.康熙皇帝在把園林賜給胤禛（后為雍正皇帝）時,親題園名為“圓明園”正是取意于雍正的佛號“圓明”.
　　園林建筑特色：
　　圓明園匯集了當(dāng)時江南若干名園勝景的特點,融中國古代造園藝術(shù)之精華,以園中之園的藝術(shù)手法,將詩情畫意融化于千變?nèi)f化的景象之中.圓明園的南部為朝廷區(qū),是皇帝處理公務(wù)之所,其中最著名的有上朝聽政的正大光明殿.其余地區(qū)則分布著40個景區(qū),其中有50多處景點直接模仿外地的名園勝景,如海寧的安瀾園.杭州西湖的平湖秋月、雷峰夕照,蘇州的獅子林.不僅模仿建筑,連名字也照搬過來.還有祭祀祖先的安佑宮,舉行宴會的山高水長樓,模擬《仙山樓閣圖》的蓬萊瑤臺,再現(xiàn)《桃花源記》境界的武陵春色.更有趣的是,圓明園中還建有西洋式園林景區(qū).最有名的“大水法”,是一座西洋噴泉,還有萬花陣迷宮以及海晏堂等,都具有意大利文藝復(fù)興時期的風(fēng)格.在湖水中還有一個威尼斯城模型,皇帝坐在岸邊山上便可欣賞萬里之外的“水城風(fēng)光”.
　　藝術(shù)特色：
　　圓明園是一座珍寶館,還是一座當(dāng)時世界上最大的皇家博物館、藝術(shù)館,收藏著許多珍寶、圖書和藝術(shù)杰作.里面藏有名人字畫、秘府典籍、鐘鼎寶器、金銀珠寶等稀世文物,集中了古代文化的精華.圓明園也是一座異木奇花之園,名貴花木多達(dá)數(shù)百萬株.完整目睹過圓明園的西方人把她稱為“萬園之王”.的確,如果今天還和140年前一樣,這座極巨型園林就是當(dāng)之無愧的“世界園林之王”了.