首先
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞
A. 原型,過去式,和過去分詞 完全不同
drink---drank----drunk
ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum
sing----sang----sung
sink----sank----sunk
blow----blew----blown
grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
fly ----flew----flown
take----took----taken
shake----shook----shaken
drive----drove----driven
write---wrote---written
rise---rose---risen
ride----rode----ridden
speak----spoke----spoken
steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken
wake----woke----woken
freeze----froze----frozen
forget----forgot----forgotten
choose----chose----chosen
draw----drew----drawn
eat----ate----eaten
fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given
hide----hid----hidden
see----saw----seen
do----did----done
B. 過去式與過去分詞完全相同
bright----brought----brought
think----thought----thought
fight----fought----fought
buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught
sell----sold----sold
tell----told----told
say----said----said
pay----paid----paid
send----sent----sent
lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent
burn----burnt----burnt
learn----learnt----learnt
mean----meant----meant
feel----felt----felt
smell----smelt----smelt
sleep----slept----slept
sweep---slept----slept
leave----left----left
build----built----built
lose----lost----lost
get----got----got
meet----met----met
sit----sat----sat
shoot----shot----shot
lead----led----led
spit----spat----spat
have----had----had
hold----held----held
make----made----made
stand----stood---stood
hear----heard----heard
find----found----found
dig----dug----dug
shine----shone----shone
understand----understood--understood win----won----won
C.原型與過去分詞相同
come----came----come
run----ran----run
become----became----become
D.原形與過去式和過去分詞完全相同
cast----cast----cast
cut----cut----cut
put----put----put
let----let----let
set----set----set
hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut
hang----hung----hung 吊,掛 lie---lied---lied 說謊
lie---lay---lain 躺下,位于,平放
hanged----hanged 處絞刑
lay---laid---laid 置放.
容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
http://ting.24en.com/flash/5/2006-04-19/5091.html
這個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)上有相關(guān)的FLASH可以看.
一、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下
構(gòu) 成 法 原 級(jí) 比 較 級(jí) 最 高 級(jí)
① 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er 和 est strong stronger strongest
② 單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾,只加r 和st strange stranger strangest
③ 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母,
須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er和est sad
big
hot sadder
bigger
hotter saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少數(shù)以y,er(或ure),ow,ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,
末尾加er和est(以y結(jié)尾的詞,如y前是輔音字母,
把y變成i,再加er和est,以e結(jié)尾的詞仍
只加r和st) angry
clever
narrow
noble angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler angrest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤ 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different more
different most
different
1) The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest, which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is
twentynine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high 〔D〕 .
2) This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.
3) Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences.
二、形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的特殊形式：
1. 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most
只能說 more beautiful而不能說beautifuller; 只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest.
但是,以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy,untidy,我們可以說：unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等.
4) The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕 .
3. 英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級(jí)形式
absolute fatal main right universal
chief final naked simulta- utter
entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternalinevitablepossiblesufficientwhole
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式
good
well betterbest
bad
illworseworst
many
much moremost
little
few lessleast
far fartherfarthest
furtherfurthest
5) African elephants are larger, fiercer, and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕 .
6) Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕 magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States during 〔D〕 the 1800’s.
7) Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕 , the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.
四、例題解析
1) A錯(cuò).應(yīng)將“most high”改為highest.這是在考形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式.
2) A錯(cuò).改為more spacious.
3) B錯(cuò). 改為more difficult.
4) C錯(cuò). treasured 在本句中是ED分詞(動(dòng)詞treasure ＋ed)作形容詞使用,是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思,修飾名詞 works(作品),其最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured.
5) A錯(cuò),改為more difficult.
6) B錯(cuò).改為“the most famous”,因?yàn)閒amous(著名的)是雙音節(jié),其最高級(jí)變化應(yīng)在前面加“the most”.
7) D錯(cuò).應(yīng)改為“the most”,因?yàn)榇颂幈硎镜氖亲罡呒?jí),“the most transient”意為“(延續(xù)時(shí)間)最短暫的”.
第二節(jié) 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,開放類副詞即以后綴ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加er或est,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕： early中的ly不是后綴,故可以把y變i再加er和est
第三節(jié) 形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法
一、原級(jí)比較的基本用法
1. 原級(jí)比較由“as＋形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)＋as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比較句,表示兩者比較；其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) ＋形容詞或副詞＋as”,而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes
〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes
〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes
〔D〕 fifteenminute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(記憶力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.
3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state, Texas.
2. “as (so)＋名詞＋as＋名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較,這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語,應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
〔A〕 such
〔B〕 more
〔C〕 as
〔D〕 than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題)
〔A〕 that
〔B〕 so
〔C〕 this
〔D〕 as
二、比較級(jí)
1. 比較級(jí)由“形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)＋than＋…,”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”.連詞than后可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、ING結(jié)構(gòu)和ED結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)也可省去than.
6) Natural mica(云母) of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica.
7) She is older than .
〔A〕 any other girl in the group
〔B〕 any girl in the group
〔C〕 all girls in the group
〔D〕 you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕 the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕 , remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.
2. 注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
〔A〕 ours
〔B〕 with us
〔C〕 for ours it had
〔D〕 it did for us
10) Sound travels air.
〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and
〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand’s pupils, followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕 .
三、最高級(jí)
1. 最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較,形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋表示范圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic 〔A〕 problems, inflation continues to be 〔B〕 a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business.
14) , the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
〔A〕 All the activities
〔B〕 The activities
〔C〕 Of all the activities
〔D〕 It is the activities
2. 副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最高級(jí)前沒有定冠詞the