英語(yǔ)翻譯
Dreams have always held a universal interest.Some societies believe that the soul leaves the body and visits the scene of the dream.Generally,however,dreams are accepted to be illusions,having much in common with day- dreams,strange mental images of our waking life.When dreaming,one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world,however strange it may be.
Dreams may be caused by external factors.Some frightening dreams are connected with breathing difficulties of a heavy cold,and dreams of racing fire-engines may be associated with the ringing of an alarm clock.Experiments have been carried out to study the connection between pain and dreaming.For example,a sleeper who suffers from a pain perhaps dreams of fighting a battle and receiving serious wound.Although the dream is caused by the pain,the actual events of the dream depend on the associations of the pain in the mind of the dreamer
A dreamer's eyes often move rapidly from side to side.Since people born blind do not show this eye activity,it is thought that the dreamer may be looking at the scene of his dream.a certain amount of dreaming seems to be a human requirement--if a sleeper is awoken every time his eyes begin to move fast to prevent him from dreaming,he will make more eye move-ments the following night.
People are different in their claims to dreaming.Some say they dream every night,others only once or twice a week.Individual differences probably exist,but some people immediately forget dreams and others memorize them for a long time or even permanently.
Everyone knows that a sleeping dog often behaves as though he were dreaming,but it is impossible to tell what he dreams of.However,it is reasonable to suppose that at least higher animals are capable of dreaming.
Of the many theories of dreams,freud's is probably the best known.According to freud,dreams reflect the modes of thought typical of early child-hood.They express ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of.There is almost certainly some truth in his view that dreams express the subconscious mind.