引述別人的話時(shí),一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話,把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi),稱為直接引語(yǔ);二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi),稱為間接引語(yǔ).間接引語(yǔ)在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序等.
　　1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),由連詞that 引導(dǎo).例如：
　　She said,“I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.
　　He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.
　　2.直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問句時(shí),變成間接引語(yǔ),由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo).例如：
　　He asked me,“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
　　He asked,“Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
　　注意：大多數(shù)情況下,if和whether 在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換,但后緊跟or not時(shí),一般只用whether.例如：
　　She asked me whether or not he could do the work./ She asked me whether he could do the work or not.
　　3.直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),由相應(yīng)的連接詞who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where 等引導(dǎo).例如：
　　He asked:“Where are you to get off,John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.
　　My sister asked me,“How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
　　Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me,“Who was the boy over there?”
　　4.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句,其間接引語(yǔ)由主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ask(委婉語(yǔ)氣),tell(一般語(yǔ)氣),order (命令語(yǔ)氣)或warn,advise等+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(名/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式)構(gòu)成.如：
　　He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.
　　“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
　　5.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),如果引述動(dòng)詞為過去式,需注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化：如：
　　1) Betty said,“Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→
　　Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
　　2) He said,“I will go to London next week.” 一般將來時(shí)→
　　He said he would go to London next week.過去將來時(shí)
　　3) My mother said,“I have already cleaned the house.” 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→
　　My mother said she had already cleaned the house.過去完成時(shí)
　　注意:
　　1.直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等,主句盡管是過去時(shí)態(tài),變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).例如：
　　They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
　　2.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞等要作相應(yīng)的變化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there come→go等.例如：
　　He said,“I haven’t seen them today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.
　　但是,如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)對(duì)話人雙方就在原來的地方,或在說話的當(dāng)天,就不必改變相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等.總之,對(duì)這些變化不能機(jī)械理解,應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定所作的變化.
　　3.間接引語(yǔ)一般要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,即主、謂、賓的順序.