將來完成時(shí)
1) 構(gòu)成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài).
b.動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn).
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
1.將來完成時(shí)的基本用法
表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作,由“will [shall]+have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成.如：
When we get there,she’ll have gone to work.我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已上班去了.
On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years.到星期一,他在英國(guó)就滿三年了.(from www.nmet168.com)
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)與將來完成的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn),表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài),過去完成時(shí)則以過去時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn),表示在“過去”某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“過去”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài),將來完成時(shí)則以將來時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn),表示在“將來”某一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“將來”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài).如：
He has finished writing his novel.他已寫完了他的小說.
He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year.去年年底他就寫完他的小說.
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.到明年年底他就會(huì)寫完他的小說了.
與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)一樣,在表示時(shí)間或者條件的狀語(yǔ)從句,通常要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來表示將來完成時(shí),而不能直接使用將來完成時(shí).如：
I will go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作之后我就同你去.
若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(且不致于引起歧義),有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).如：
I will go with you when I finish my work.我完成工作后就同你去.