擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議,不是表示客觀存在的事實(shí),因此虛擬語氣常用在含有非真實(shí)條件從句的主從復(fù)合句中.虛擬語氣的考查主要反映在單項(xiàng)選擇、完成句子以及在完形填空、閱讀理解等語篇中.
考點(diǎn)一：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況
【考例】If I one million yuan,I an expensive car first.
A.have,would buy B.has；will buy
C.had；would buy D.had；will buy
【簡(jiǎn)析】C.句意為：如果我有一百萬元的話,我就首先買一輛昂貴的小汽車.根據(jù)句意可知,是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,故選C.
【點(diǎn)撥】表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)”,主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would (could,might,should)+動(dòng)詞原形”.
考點(diǎn)二：表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況
【考例】If my father here last Saturday,he me from going to the party.
A.had been；would have stopped B.were,would stop
C.had been；would stop D.were；would have stopped
【簡(jiǎn)析】A.考查虛擬語氣中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài).從時(shí)間狀語last Saturday可知,這是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,故選A.
【點(diǎn)撥】表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,條件從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”,主句用“should／could／might／would + have+過去分詞”.
考點(diǎn)三：表示與將來事實(shí)相反的情況
【考例】If he tomorrow,he you.
A.should go；might tell B.will go；would tell
C.should go；will tell D.goes,might tell
【簡(jiǎn)析】 A.從時(shí)間狀語tomorrow可知,是對(duì)將來事實(shí)的虛擬,故選A.
【點(diǎn)撥】表示與將來的事實(shí)相反,條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“一般過去時(shí)、should+動(dòng)詞原形、were to+動(dòng)詞原形”,主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would(could,might,should)+動(dòng)詞原形”.
考點(diǎn)四：wish后接賓語從句時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式
【考例】How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!
A.has B.had C.will have D.had had
【簡(jiǎn)析】B.wish后接的賓語從句,表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),故選B.
【點(diǎn)撥】wish后接的賓語從句,表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí),謂語用過去完成時(shí).
考點(diǎn)五：suggest,insist,order等后接賓語從句時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式
【考例】—The experiment was not a success.
—I suggest you again.
A.try B.tried C.will try D.would try
【簡(jiǎn)析】A.suggest表示“建議”,后接賓語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”.
【點(diǎn)撥】 suggest,order,insist等動(dòng)詞,后接賓語從句時(shí),從句中的謂語用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”.
考點(diǎn)六：as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句的動(dòng)詞形式
【考例】Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A.has happened B.happens C.was happening D.happened
【簡(jiǎn)析】D.句意為：Eliza確切地記得所發(fā)生的一切,就好像發(fā)生在昨天一樣.從句意可知,本題是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,謂語用一般過去時(shí),故選D.
【點(diǎn)撥】as if引導(dǎo)表語從句,謂語常用虛擬語氣,對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,謂語用一般過去時(shí)；對(duì)過去情況的虛擬,謂語用過去完成時(shí).
考點(diǎn)七：省略if的條件句的用法
【考例】 ,I would study hard.
A.If I am you B.If I had been you
C.Were I you D.Had I been you
【簡(jiǎn)析】C.從句意可知,本題是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,從句的謂語用動(dòng)詞的過去式,故選C.Were I you=If I were you.
【點(diǎn)撥】if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句可以省略if,而把從句中的動(dòng)詞were,had或should移到主語前面.