（一）形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
1. 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化：
規(guī)則 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
1.在詞尾后直接加-er/est tall taller tallest
2.詞尾是e,只加-r/st nice nicer nicest
3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,把y變i再加-er/est happy happier happiest
4.重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-er/est thin thinner thinnest
2. 其他雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞,在該詞前面加-more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—(the) most beautiful
3. 由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,都是在該詞前加-more/most.
quickly—more quickly—(the) most quickly
difficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly
4. 不規(guī)則變化:
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
（二）形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：
1. 原級(jí)的用法:
用于兩者之間對(duì)比,意思為“……和……相同”
A+v.+as….+形容詞原級(jí)+as B
Tom is as honest as Jack.
Her skin is as white as snow.
My dog is as old as that one.
He is not as (=so) tall as I.
The weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.
2. 比較級(jí)的用法:
1）A+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+ B
Susan is happier than Jane.
His brother is younger than me.
Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.
形容詞比較級(jí)前還可以用much, even, still, a little,far, a lot, a bit, much more來修飾.
Very, so, too, quite 不能修飾比較級(jí).
2）數(shù)字+形容詞比較級(jí)+than
I’m two years older than you.
She is a head taller than me.
3）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),表示“越來越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
China becomes more and more stronger.
4）the +比較級(jí),the +比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越……就越……”
The more I study it, the more I like it.
5）which/who +is +比較級(jí)
Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?
Who is happier, you or me?
3. 最高級(jí)用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比較,最高級(jí)前加the,最高級(jí)前有物主代詞,序數(shù)詞和名詞所有格時(shí),不加定冠詞,后面跟帶in或of表范圍的短語.
1）one of the +最高級(jí)
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.
Most people like apples.
Most of the boys are good.
It is our nearest neighbor in space.
2）最高級(jí)意義的表達(dá)方法:
例句
最高級(jí) She is the best in her class.
比較級(jí) She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
原級(jí) No other student in her class is as good as she.
（三）副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：
1. 原級(jí)主要的句型：
1）as+副詞原級(jí)+as
Tom runs as fast as Jones.
not as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as
He didn’t come as/so early as Li Lei.
2）too+副詞原級(jí)+to do sth.
Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me.
3）so +副詞原級(jí)+ that
Jean rides so slowly that she can’t catch up with me.
4）副詞原級(jí)+enough to do sth.
Jean doesn’t ride fast enough to catch up with me.
2. 比較級(jí)的用法：
1）比較級(jí)+than.當(dāng)前后使用的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí),通常用助動(dòng)詞來代替后面的動(dòng)詞,該動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞可以省略.
Lily run faster than Mary(did).
2）比較級(jí)+and +比較級(jí)
The days are getting longer and longer in summer.
3）the more…the more…
The harder you work, the better you will learn.
3. 最高級(jí)的用法：
副詞最高級(jí)前一般有the,也可省略.
He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(1)
1. 在英語中,在表示“比較…”和“最…”時(shí),形容詞要用特別的形式,稱為“比較級(jí)”和“最高級(jí)”,原來的形容詞稱為“原級(jí)”：
原級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
strong強(qiáng) stronger較強(qiáng) strongest最強(qiáng)
2. 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法如下：
a. 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞以加-er和-est的方式構(gòu)成：
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
young年輕 younger較年輕youngest最年輕
old老 older較老oldest最老
clean干凈 cleaner較干凈cleanest最干凈
在加詞尾時(shí)要注意下面的各種情況：
情況 加詞尾法 例詞
一般情況直接加詞尾small, smaller, smallest
以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r,-stlarge, larger, largest
以輔音＋y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i,再加詞尾busy, busier, busiest
以“輔音字母”結(jié)尾的詞 將這字母雙寫再加詞尾big, bigger, biggest
b. 其他詞都在前面加more, most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)：
原級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
importantmore importantmost important
difficultmore difficultmost difficult
interestingmore interestingmost interesting
useful more useful most useful
3. 用比較級(jí)時(shí)常用than引起一個(gè)從句,表示和什么比較：
His room is bigger than mine. 他的房間比我的房間大.
She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年輕.
Exercises:
I. 學(xué)會(huì)下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：
原級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
1. talltaller tallest
strongstronger strongest
old olderoldest
2. large larger largest
finefinerfinest
latelaterlatest
3. big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
thinthinnerthinnest
4. easyeasier easiest
busybusier busiest
happy happierhappiest
5. valuablemore valuablemost valuable
dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
II. 給出下面形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：
1. bright2. fat 3. lazy 4. safe5. heavy6. wide7. high8. close9. long10. dirty 11. sad 12. brave 13. silly14. beautiful15. early 16. prosperous17. interesting 18. delicious 19. difficult
形容詞--形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(2)
1. 有幾個(gè)形容詞有特殊的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：
原級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
goodwell better best
bad ill worse worst
manymuch more most
littlelessleast
far farther further farthestfurthest
old older elder oldesteldest
小貼士1：elder和eldest可用來表示兄弟和子女的長幼順序：
my elder sister 我的姐姐
my eldest brother 我的大哥
their eldest son他們的長子
小貼士1：further表示“較遠(yuǎn)”外,還可表示 “進(jìn)一步的”；而farther僅表示距離：
The farther plants are too cold. 更遠(yuǎn)的行星太冷.
Do you need any further help? 你還需要更進(jìn)一步的幫助嗎?
2. 雙音節(jié)詞除了以“輔音＋y”結(jié)尾的詞外,還有以ow, er, le結(jié)尾的詞,和個(gè)別其他雙音節(jié)詞,可以用加詞尾的辦法構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
narrownarrower narrowest
clevercleverer cleverest
simplesimplersimplest
commoncommoner commonest
3. 也有少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞可以加more和most的辦法構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
pleasedmore pleasedmost pleased
tiredmore tiredmost tired
glad more glad most glad
包含形容詞比較級(jí)的句子
1. 包含形容詞比較級(jí)的句子多帶有一個(gè)由than引起的狀語從句,表示和什么相比,從句中有些詞會(huì)省略掉：
She is taller than her elder sister. 她比她姐姐高.
This book is in simpler English than the other one. 這本書的英文比另一本容易.
Life was much harder than it is today. 那時(shí)的生活比現(xiàn)在苦得多.
Europe has less land than Canada. 歐洲的面積比加拿大小.
They are all younger than me. 他們都比我年輕.
She knows more English than I do. 她的英語比我懂的多.
2. 有時(shí)狀語從句可以省略：
The weather is warmer today. 今天天氣要暖和得多.
Are you feeling better now? 現(xiàn)在你感覺好一點(diǎn)了嗎?
I’ll be more careful in future. 以后我要細(xì)心點(diǎn).
Have you got a larger size? 你們有大一點(diǎn)的嗎?
I had never seen a better film. 我沒看過(比這)更好的電影.
3. 比較級(jí)前有時(shí)有一個(gè)狀語修飾：
My sister is two years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小兩歲.
Our room is slightly bigger than theirs. 我們的房間比他們的稍微大一點(diǎn).
This car is a bit more expensive. 這輛車稍稍貴點(diǎn).
You are an inch taller than Tom. 你比湯姆高一寸.
Your pronunciation is much better than mine. 你發(fā)音比我好多了.
4. 比較級(jí)的形容詞還可以用在某些句型中：
Most cities in China are getting bigger and bigger. 中國大多數(shù)城市越來越大.
He read more than ten books last term. 上學(xué)期他看了十幾本書.
The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高興.
帶as(so)… as的結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 在表示“和…一樣…”時(shí),可用“as... as”結(jié)構(gòu)(前面的as后要用原形)：
He is as busy as before. 他還是和以前一樣忙.
I’ll give you as much help as I can. 我將盡量幫助你.
The airport was as crowded as ever. 機(jī)場(chǎng)還是像平常那樣擁擠.
You’re as good a singer as Johny Buck. 你的歌唱得像約尼∙伯克一樣好.
Modern computers can be as small as a book. 現(xiàn)在的電腦可以像一本書那樣大.
2. 在表示“不像…那樣…”時(shí)可用“not as(so)... as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)：
It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那樣冷.
He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那樣英俊.
I’m not so experienced as you think. 我沒有你想的那樣有經(jīng)驗(yàn).
The situation is not so bad as had been painted. 形勢(shì)沒有描繪的那樣糟糕.
Jack is not as(so) old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起來那樣老.
3. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可包含一個(gè)狀語或有almost, just, nearly, quite這類副詞形容：
The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那頭鯨有她的那艘船的兩倍長.
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他們的房子約為我們房子三倍大.
My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英語掌握得還不及你的一半好.
He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他幾乎和她姐姐一樣勤奮.
She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她幾乎和她媽媽一樣高.
4. as... as還可用在許多固定說法中：
as brave as a lion
as busy as a bee
as vain as a peacock
soft as velvet
as bright as day
as fat as a pig
as gentle as a lamb
easy as ABC
形容詞最高級(jí)的用法
1. 形容詞最高級(jí)有時(shí)單獨(dú)使用,但前面需加定冠詞：
What’s the best time to go there? 什么時(shí)候到那兒去最好?
Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter. 快遞是寄信的最快辦法.
It’s the latest fashion from Paris. 這是巴黎來的最新式樣.
The oldest is only nine. 最大的才九歲.
The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji. 日本最高的山是富士山.
In Western Europe Germany has the most people. 在西歐德國人口最多.
2. 有時(shí)跟一個(gè)短語或從句說明在哪個(gè)范圍內(nèi)如此：
It is the largest island in Europe. 它是歐洲最大的島.
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最熱的一天.
The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country. 長江是我國最大的河流.
It was the cheapest hotel we could find. 這是我們能找到的最便宜的旅館.
This was the best beer (that) I have ever drunk. 這是我喝過的最好的啤酒.
It was the worst film we had ever seen. 這是我們看過的最糟的電影.
3. 形容詞前有時(shí)有定語或狀語修飾：
Its second largest city is Osaka. 它的第二大城市是大阪.
The third largest city is Los Angeles. 第三大城市是洛杉磯.
She was by far the most active member in our group. 她是我們小組最積極的成員.
4. 形容詞最高級(jí)有時(shí)表示“非常”的意思,這時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞或不加定冠詞：
It’s a most touching story. 這是一個(gè)非常動(dòng)人的故事.
It was most stupid to act like that. 這樣做是非常愚蠢的.
5. 形容詞最高級(jí)還可用在某些短語中(這時(shí)常轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)：
She is ten years old at most. 她至多十歲.
We’ll do our best. 我們將盡力而為.
名詞化的形容詞
1. 有些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人,這可稱為名詞化的形容詞：
These seats are for the disabled. 這些座位是給殘疾人坐的.
In these countries, the poor get poorer, the rich get richer. 在這些國家,窮人越來越窮,富人越來越富.
They are going to build a school for the blind. 他們準(zhǔn)備蓋一所盲人學(xué)校.
She was always good with the unfortunate. 她對(duì)不幸的人總是很好的.
2. 定冠詞還可以與-ch, -sh, -ese等結(jié)尾表示國家的形容詞連用,表示這些國家的人：
The French like to eat well. 法國人飲食很講究.
The Chinese were a highly civilized people long before the Europeans were. 早在歐洲人之前,中國人已是一個(gè)有高度文化的民族.
the Dutch 荷蘭人
the Spanish
西班牙人
the Welsh 威爾士人
the Burmese 緬甸人
the Japanese 日本人
the Swiss 瑞士人
3. 有些形容詞還可以和the連用,表示抽象的事物：
Don’t expect them to do the impossible. 不要指望他們做不可能的事.
She admired the mystical. 她喜歡那些神奇古怪的東西.
This was nothing out of the ordinary. 這沒有什么特別之處.
Their aim was to discover the good, the beautiful and the true. 他們的目的是尋求真、善、美.
4. 在某些習(xí)慣用語中也包含名詞化的形容詞：
Are you leaving the place for good? 你離開這里不再回來了嗎?
I will give you an answer on Friday at the latest. 我最遲星期五給你一個(gè)回答.
She took leave of us in the liveliest spirits. 她興致很好地和我們告別了