N a、Mg、Al及其化合物的方程式：
2Na+H2===2NaH
4Na+O2===2Na2O
2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2
2Na+O2===Na2O2
2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）
2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2
2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2
4Na+TiCl4（熔融）===4NaCl+Ti
Mg+Cl2===MgCl2
Mg+Br2===MgBr2
2Mg+O2===2MgO
Mg+S===MgS
Mg+2H2O===Mg（OH）2+H2
2.
2Mg+TiCl4（熔融）===Ti+2MgCl2
Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb
2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C
2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si
Mg+H2S===MgS+H2
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2
2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3
4Al+3O2===2Al2O3（鈍化）
4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg
4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn
2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr
2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe
2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2
2Al+6H2SO4(濃)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
(Al,Fe在冷,濃的H2SO4,HNO3中鈍化)
Al+4HNO(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2
4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
Na2O2+2Na===2Na2O（此反應(yīng)用于制備N(xiāo)a2O,MgO,Al2O3幾乎沒(méi)有氧化性,很難被還原為Mg,Al.一般通過(guò)電解制Mg和Al.）
Na2O+H2O===2NaOH
2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2
(此反應(yīng)分兩步:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2 ;
2H2O2===2H2O+O2.H2O2的制備可利用類(lèi)似的反應(yīng):
BaO2+H2SO4(稀)===BaSO4+H2O2)
MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2 (緩慢反應(yīng))
4,與酸性物質(zhì)的作用:
Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4
Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3
Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O
2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2
Na2O2+H2SO4(冷,稀)===Na2SO4+H2O2
MgO+SO3===MgSO4
MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O
Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O
(Al2O3是兩性氧化物:
Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O)
2NaOH+SO2（少量）===Na2SO3+H2O
NaOH+SO2（足量）===NaHSO3
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O
NaOH+H2S（足量）===NaHS+H2O
2NaOH+H2S（少量）===Na2S+2H2O
3NaOH+AlCl3===Al（OH）3+3NaCl
NaOH+Al（OH）3===NaAlO2+2H2O
（AlCl3和Al（OH）3哪個(gè)酸性強(qiáng)?）
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O
Mg（OH）2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3+NH4Cl 不溶解
3,不穩(wěn)定性:
Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O
2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O
3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)===6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O
3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)===3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O
2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4
3,與堿性物質(zhì)的作用:
MgCl2+2NH3.H2O===Mg(OH)2+NH4Cl
AlCl3+3NH3.HNa3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaCl
Na2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaCl
NaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaCl
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2
3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3CO2
3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3+3CO2
3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3+3H2S
3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3
5,不穩(wěn)定性:
Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2O
NH4Cl===NH3+HCl
NH4HCO3===NH3+H2O+CO2