高中英語必修4知識點(diǎn)講解
必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知識點(diǎn)講解
重點(diǎn)詞匯
1. achieve
【課文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do… (P3)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】achieve v. 意為“完成；達(dá)到”,指經(jīng)過長期努力而達(dá)到某目標(biāo)、地位或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等.其名詞形式為achievement,意為“成就；功績”,a sense of achievement可指“成就感”.如：
He had finally achieved success.
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
2. condition
【課文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. (P1)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】condition 意為“環(huán)境；境況；條件”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式conditions；意為“狀態(tài)；狀況”時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞,be in good condition表示“處于良好的狀態(tài)”,be out of condition表示“健康狀況不佳”.如：
We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.
The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
My car is old but in good condition.
He is overweight and out of condition.
【知識拓展】condition意為“條件”時(shí),常用短語on condition that,表示“如果；在……條件下”；在美國英語中,也經(jīng)常用under the condition that.如：
I will come on condition that Peter is invited.
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.
3. devote
【課文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (P1)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】devote vt. 意為“投入于；獻(xiàn)身”,其賓語后常與介詞to搭配,to后接名詞、代詞或動名詞.devote … to … 意為“獻(xiàn)身；致力于”,指把自己、時(shí)間、精力等奉獻(xiàn)給某種工作或事業(yè).如：
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance.
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
4. behave
【課文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】behave vi & vt. 意為“舉動；舉止；行為表現(xiàn)”,如behave well / badly等.其名詞形式為behaviour,指“行為；態(tài)度；舉止”.如：
The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.
My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.
Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.
5. worthwhile
【課文原句】But the evening makes it all worthwhile. (P2)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】worthwhile adj.意為“值得做的；值得出力的”,可作表語或定語.be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”,在動詞-ing形式的結(jié)構(gòu)中,worthwhile有時(shí)可以用來替代worth,特別是在表示“值得花時(shí)間”這一概念時(shí).如：
I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.
The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.
6. observe
【課文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】observe vt. 意為“觀察；觀測；遵守”,可用observe sb do sth,observe + that從句.其名詞形式為observation.如：
I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.
He observed that we should probably have rain.
Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.
7. argue
【課文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】argue作動詞時(shí),意為“爭論；爭吵；爭辯”.argue for意為“為……辯護(hù)”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人爭論”；argue against意為“據(jù)理反對；爭辯……”.如：
It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.
We are always arguing with each other about money.
Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual party.
【知識拓展】argue的名詞形式為argument,意為“爭論；爭端；論證”,常構(gòu)成短語settle an argument指“解決爭端”.
9. care for
【課文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. (P6)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】care for可以表示look after的意思,意為“照顧；照料”,且較正式；也可表示“喜歡”的意思.如：
His son cared for him when he was ill.
In fact, I don’t really care for basketball.
另外,在上面的句子中,explain意為“解釋,說明”,后可接名詞、代詞、從句或wh + to do作賓語,可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth.如：
Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?
【知識拓展】care about意為“介意；在乎”,表示是否認(rèn)為某事是重要的,某事是否引起了某人的興趣或使其憂慮.最常用于疑問句或否定句中.about用在賓語前面,但是在連詞前面一般省掉.
I don’t care about your opinion.
I don’t care whether it rains — I’m happy.
10. intend
【課文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】intend v. 意為“打算；計(jì)劃；想要”.intend to do sth意為“想干某事”；intend后也可以接動詞-ing形式或that從句.intend for表示“原打算給某人；準(zhǔn)備讓……干……”.如：
I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.
I intend coming / to come back soon.
He hadn’t really intended that they should be there.
This gift is intended for you.
熱點(diǎn)語法
主謂一致用法難點(diǎn)小結(jié)：
一、集合名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致.
1. 集合名詞有family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population等,當(dāng)被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),表示單數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果這些集合名詞指其中的每個(gè)成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式.即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與主語的含義相一致.如：
My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls.
My class are working hard for the coming exam.
2. 有些集合名詞作主語時(shí),謂語只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle等.如：
The police are searching for the lost child.
二、不定代詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致.
不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：
Everything goes well with me.
Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、“名詞＋名詞”作主語時(shí)的主謂一致.
當(dāng)表示同一人物或觀點(diǎn)時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：A novelist and playwright is coming to our school. 這里表示“一位小說家兼劇作家”,是同一個(gè)人,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù).
如果是A novelist and a playwright作主語,這時(shí)表示“一位小說家和一位劇作家”,是兩個(gè)人,所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),該句應(yīng)改為：A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school.
四、The ＋ adj.作主語時(shí)的主謂一致.
當(dāng)The ＋ adj.表示抽象的含義時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：The beautiful is the true.
當(dāng)The ＋ adj.表示該類全體的含義時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：The rich should help the poor.
必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 知識點(diǎn)講解
Unit2 Working the land
Phrases and Idioms
1. be satisfied (with): pleased because you have got what you want
1)Jane isn't quite satisfied with the way the barber cut her hair.
2)If you are not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.
3)I am not really satisfied with the job you did.
2. refer to : a)mention or speak about someone or something
b)to look at a hook map, piece of paper, etc, for information
1) We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
2) Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
3) He gave the speech without referring to his notes even once.
3. would rather: used to say what someone prefers
1) It seems you would rather play than work.
2)She would rather die than lose the children.
3) I would rather starve than be dependent on anyone again.
4. thanks to sb/ sth : because of sb./ sth.
1) I was late thanks to the heavy traffic.
2) It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
3) We've collected $50,000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public.
5. rid of sb/sth: become free of
1) Will science- finally rid us of this disease?
2) Do you think it possible to rid the world of nuclear weapons?
3) By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness.
6. lead a ...life: live in the way what you life is like
1) Before liberation, my grandpa led a dog's life.
2) If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life.
3) Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village.
7. care about: love;be interested in; be concerned with
1) Just listening to somebody shows you care about them.
2) Your parents are only doing this because they care about you.
3) The only thing this rich- and greedy man seems to care about is money.
8. insist on sth/doing sth: to demand that something must be done or that you must have a particular thing
1) The school insists on good behaviour from its students.
2) John insisted on doing all the work himself, though he was in poor health.
3) The old man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didn't need any help.
必修4 Unit3 A taste of humor 知識點(diǎn)講解
Unit3重點(diǎn)匯集
1. content
【課文原句】Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than ourselves. (P17)
【名師點(diǎn)撥】content adj.意為“滿足的；滿意的”,be content to do意為“樂意去做某事”；be content with sb / sth意為“對某人或某事感到滿意”,相當(dāng)于be pleased with或be satisfied with.如：
I’m content to help you to set up a website on the Internet.
Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have greater success.
注：worse off是badly off的比較級,意思是“境況比……更差”；better off意為“境況比……好”.如：
To my surprise, I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine.
With the development of economy, more and more people are better off.
【知識拓展】content還可作動詞,意為“使?jié)M足”；作名詞時(shí),表示“滿足；心滿意足”,也可表示“（書、報(bào)紙等的）內(nèi)容；目錄；含量”.如：
My explanation seemed to content him.
Now she began to live in peace and content.
We've discussed the unusual form of the book — now, what about the content?