Cloze 3
The Internet seems so information-age 31 its devotees might find the circumstances of its birth hard to 32 .More than anything else,the computer network 33 tens of millions of users stands as a modern monument to military plans for fighting three wars.Specifically,the Net owes existence 34 Allied battle strategies during World War II,to the geopolitical pressures of the Cold War,and to preparations for the nuclear holocaust (the never-fought “final war” with the Soviet Union).
As with most great advances in the history of ideas,there was no one 35 Internet event.It began with a modest analytical system,devised in World War II,that set the stage for the supportive research environment and the key technical developments that produced today’s global network.
The analytical system,36 operations research (O.R.),applied scientific modeling principles 37 military planning.The first O.R.was done for the Allies by military scientists and civilian technologists.
38 the victories in Europe and Japan,American military planners turned 39 to their new Cold War adversaries (對手),primarily the Soviet Union,but also China.The three U.S.military services contracted (承包,把…包給) out O.R.work to universities and nonprofit corporations.This produced,among others,the Center for Naval Analysis,the Army-backed Operations Research Office,and,perhaps the 40 effective of all,the RAND Corporation,the Air Force’s principal advisory organization.The Defense Department created yet another O.R.group,the Advanced Research Projects Agency,and charged it with doling (少量地發(fā)放) out high-tech research funds.
31.A.to B.that
C.when D.if
32.A.having grasped B.grasping
C.have grasped D.grasp
33.A.to connect B.that connecting
C.connecting D.connected
34.A.of B.to
C.with D.for
35.A.defining B.that defining
C.that defined D.defined
36.A.calling B.naming
C.called D.that calling
37.A.to B.with
C.as to D.by
38.A.Followed B.After following
C.After followed D.Following
39.A.notice B.attention
C.eye D.mind
40.A.most B.more
C.very D.quite