二、定冠詞the的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,這是定冠詞的基本用法.
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中國(guó)的首都.
2.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物.
Open the window please. 請(qǐng)把窗戶打開.(雙方都知道指的是哪一扇窗戶)
3.指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物.
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
窗戶附近有一把椅子.椅子上坐著一位年輕婦女,懷里抱著一個(gè)嬰兒.
4.指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物.
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太陽、地球和月亮哪一個(gè)最大?
5.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前.
The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一輛卡車裝運(yùn)一些筐.
6.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前.
the Great wall長(zhǎng)城,the Summer Palace頤和園,
the People’s Farm人民農(nóng)場(chǎng),the Science Museum科學(xué)館
7.用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類人.
the rich富人 the poor窮人 the sick病人 the old老人,
the young年輕人 the blind盲人 the dead死人
8.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”.
The Turners are going home on a train. 特納夫婦在回家的火車上.
9.用在方位詞前.
on the left/right在左/右邊
in the east/west/north/south在東/西/北/南方
at the back/front of在……的后/前面
10.用在樂器名稱前.
Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜歡彈鋼琴還是喜歡拉小提琴?
11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脈、群島及國(guó)家和黨派名詞前.
the East China Sea 東海the Huai River 淮河
the Jinggang Mountains 井岡山the United States of American 美國(guó)
12.用在某些固定詞組中.
all the same 仍然all the time 一直
all the year round 一年到頭at the age of 在……歲時(shí)
at the beginning of 起初; 開始at the end of 在……的盡頭/末尾
at the entrance of 在……門口at the foot of 在……腳下
at the head of 在……的前面at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同時(shí)by the side of 在……附近
by the time 到時(shí)候by the way 順便說
catch the post 趕上郵班do the shopping/washing 買東西/洗衣服
give...the message 捎口信給……go to the classroom 去教室
in the end 最后；終于in the hat 戴帽子的
in the middle of the day 中午in the morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上
in the open air 在戶外；在野外jump the queue 不按次序排隊(duì)
lead the way to 引路；指路look the same 看起來很像
on the earth 在地球上tell the truth 說實(shí)話
the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天
the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳遠(yuǎn)
the next day 第二天the next year下一年
the people 人民the starting line起跑線
三、不用冠詞的情況
1.在專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前.
I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我將要去英國(guó)度假.
2.可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語的物主代詞my, your, his, her等；指示代詞this/ these, that/those; 不定代詞some, any等及所有格限制時(shí).
The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里.
3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí).
My father and mother are teachers. 我的父親和母親是教師.
4.在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前.
The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中國(guó)來的最好時(shí)間是春季或秋季.
Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日,星期四,教師節(jié).
[注意] 如果月份、季節(jié)等被一個(gè)限定性定語修飾,則要加定冠詞.
He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季參軍.
5.在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前.
Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao!
Here it is, Mom!
6.在學(xué)科名稱、三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前.
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我認(rèn)為漢語比其它學(xué)科更普及.
Can you play basketball? 你會(huì)打籃球嗎?We are going to play football. 我們?nèi)ヌ咦闱?
[注意]I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)
Where’s the football.
7.某些固定詞組中不用冠詞.
①與by連用的交通工具名稱前
by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship
②名詞詞組
day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there
③介詞詞組
at home在家in surprise驚奇地
at noon在中午on foot步行
at night在晚上on duty值日
at work在工作on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)
for example例如on business經(jīng)商
in school在上學(xué)on holiday在度假
in class在上課on show展覽
in hospital在住院on top of在……頂部
in bed在床上
④ go短語
go home回家go to bed上床睡覺
go to school去上學(xué)go to work去上班
go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚