常用語法術(shù)語表
句法 syntax
詞法 morphology
結(jié)構(gòu)structure
層次 rank
詞類 part of speech
實詞 notional word
虛詞 structrural word

名詞 noun
專有名詞 proper noun
普通名詞 common noun
可數(shù)名詞 countable noun
不可數(shù)名詞 uncountable noun
抽象名詞 abstract noun
具體名詞 concret moun
物質(zhì)名詞 material noun
集體名詞 collective noun
個體名詞 individual noun
介詞 preposition
連詞 conjunction

動詞 verb
主動詞 main verb
及物動詞 transitive verb
不及物動詞 intransitive verb
系動詞 link verb
助動詞 auxiliary verb
情態(tài)動詞 modal verb
規(guī)則動詞 regular verb
不規(guī)則動詞 irregular verb
短語動詞 phrasal verb
限定動詞 finite verb
非限定動詞 infinite verb
使役動詞 causative verb
感官動詞 verb of senses
動態(tài)動詞 event verb
靜態(tài)動詞 state verb感嘆詞 exclamation
副詞 adverb
方式副詞 adverb of manner
程度副詞 adverb of degree
時間副詞 adverb of time
地點副詞 adverb of place
修飾性副詞 adjunct
連接性副詞 conjunct
疑問副詞 interogative adverb
關(guān)系副詞 relative adverb

代詞 pronoun
人稱代詞 personal pronoun
物主代詞 possesive pronoun
反身代詞 reflexive pronoun
相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun
指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun
疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun
關(guān)系代詞 relative pronoun
不定代詞 indefinite pronoun
物主代詞 possecive pronoun
名詞性物主代詞 nominal possesive prnoun
形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possesive pronoun

冠詞 article
定冠詞 definite article
不定冠詞 indefinite article

數(shù)詞 numeral
基數(shù)詞 cardinal numeral
序數(shù)詞 ordinal numeral
分數(shù)詞 fractional numeral

形式 form
單數(shù)形式 singular form
復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form
限定動詞 finite verb form
非限定動詞 non-finite verb form
原形 base form
從句 clause
從屬句 subordinate clause
并列句 coordinate clause
名詞從句 nominal clause
定語從句 attributive clause
狀語從句 adverbial clause
賓語從句 object clause
主語從句 subject clause
同位語從句 appositive clause

時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time
地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place
方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner
讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession
原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause
結(jié)果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result
目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose
條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition
真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence
簡單句 simple sentence
并列句 compound sentence
復(fù)合句 complex sentence
并列復(fù)合句 compound complex sentence
陳述句 declarative sentence
疑問句 interrogative sentence

一般疑問句 general question
特殊疑問句 special question
選擇疑問句 alternative question
附加疑問句 tag question
反義疑問句 disjunctive question
修辭疑問句 rhetorical question
感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question

存在句 existential sentence
肯定句 positive sentwence
否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence
省略句 elliptical sentence
感嘆句 exclamatory sentence
基本句型 basic sentence patern

句子成分 members of sentences
主語 subject
謂語 predicate
賓語 object
雙賓語 dual object
直接賓語 direct object
間接賓語 indirect object
復(fù)合賓語 complex object
同源賓語 cognate object
補語 complement
主補 subject complement
賓補 object complement
表語 predicative
定語 attribute
同位語 appositive
狀語 adverbial

句法關(guān)系 syntatic relationship
并列 coordinate
從屬 subordination
修飾 modification
前置修飾 pre-modification
后置修飾 post-modification
限制 restriction
雙重限制 double-restriction
非限制 non-restriction

數(shù) number
單數(shù)形式 singular form
復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form
規(guī)則形式 regular form
不規(guī)則形式 irregular form

格 case
普通格 common case
所有格 possessive case
主格 nominative case
賓格 objective case

性 gender
陽性 masculine
陰性 feminine
通性 common
中性 neuter

人稱 person
第一人稱 first person
第二人稱 second person
第三人稱 third person
時態(tài) tense
過去將來時 past future tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense
一般現(xiàn)在時 present simple tense
一般過去時 past simple tense
一般將來時 future simple tense
現(xiàn)在完成時 past perfect tense
過去完成時 present perfect tense
將來完成時 future perfect tense
現(xiàn)在進行時 present continuous tense
過去進行時 past continuous tense
將來進行時 future continuous tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
現(xiàn)在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense
過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense
語態(tài) voice
主動語態(tài) active voice
被動語態(tài) passive voice

語氣 mood
陳述語氣 indicative mood
祈使語氣 imperative mood
虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood

否定 negation
否定范圍 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation
轉(zhuǎn)移否定 shift of negation

語序 order
自然語序 natural order
倒裝語序 inversion
全部倒裝 full inversion
部分倒裝 partial inversion

直接引語 direct speech
間接引語 indirect speech
自由直接引語 free direct speech
自由間接引語 free indirect speech

一致 agreement
主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement
語法一致 grammatical agreement
概念一致 notional agreement
就近原則 principle of proximity

強調(diào) emphasis
重復(fù) repetition
語音 pronunciation
語調(diào) tone
升調(diào) rising tone
降調(diào) falling tone
降升調(diào) falling-rising tone

文體 style
正式文體 formal
非正式文體 informal
口語 spoken/oral English
套語 formulistic expression
英國英語 British English
美國英語 American English
用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring
褒義 commendatory
貶義 derogatory
幽默 humorous 諷刺 sarcastic
挖苦 ironic