PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題
班級(jí)：_________________ 姓名：__________________
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1．一般情況下,直接加-s, 如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如：knife-knives
5．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
練習(xí)： 寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I _________him _________ this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________ diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______ box________strawberry _____
thief _______ fish______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________milk________rice__________tea__________
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹
　　【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài).如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的.
　　2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作.如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床.
　　3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí).如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn).
　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
　　1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它.如：
　　I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩.
　　2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它).如：
　　We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ).
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es".如：Mary likes Chinese.　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
　　1. be動(dòng)詞的變化.
　　否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它.
　　如：He is not a worker.他不是工人.
　　一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它.
　　如：-Are you a student?
　　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　　特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句.如：Where is my bike?
　　2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化.
　　否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它).如：
　　I don't like bread.
　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句.如：
　　He doesn't often play.
　　一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它.如：
　　- Do you often play football?
　　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句.如：
　　- Does she go to work by bike?
　　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
　　特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句.如：How does your father go to work?
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1．一般情況下,直接加-s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es, 如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如：study-studies
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:
一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)
drink ________ go _________stay ________make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ________
come________watch______plant_______ fly __________
study_______brush________ do_________ teach________
二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.
1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______ (be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________ (like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________ (take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________ (be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______ (have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______ (look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______ (do) your homework well.
15. I _______ (be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______ (do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______ (watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______ (have) eight lessons this term.
20.－What day _______ (be) it today?－ It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句)
___________________________________________________
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not.
4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首.
5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1．一般情況下,直接加ing,如：cook-cooking
2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如：run-running, stop-stopping
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：
play________ run__________ swim _________ make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ ski___________
read________ have_________sing________dance_________
put_________ see________buy _________ love____________
live_______take_________ come ________get_________
stop_________sit ________ begin________shop___________
二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice foodnow.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s5o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))
_________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))
四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)
一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事.句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等.
二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t.
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑問(wèn)句： be或will提到句首,some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱互換.
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn).一般情況,一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況.
1. 問(wèn)人.Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 問(wèn)干什么.What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 問(wèn)什么時(shí)候.When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going
to bed?
六、同義句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
練習(xí)：
一、填空.
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊.
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球.
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎?是,她要去買一些水果.
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面.
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
二、改句子.
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）
_______________ she _________________________ after school?
10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13.Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16.What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17.Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now
五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝.
2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：
⑴am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as.（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere.（were not=weren’t）
⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首.
3．句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子
否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形,如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形.
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問(wèn)句：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?
如：What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?
如：Who went to home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：
1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．結(jié)尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如：stop-stopped
4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如：study-studied
5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：
am,is-was,are-were, do-did, see-saw,say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came,have-had, eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put, fly-flew,
make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat
過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)
一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
is\am_________fly_______plant________are ________
drink_________play_______ go________make _____ ___
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______do________
二、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. ---What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
---She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
六、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)
一、形容詞的比較級(jí)
1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than.比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來(lái)修飾表示程度.than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語(yǔ)中可用賓格）.
2．形容詞加er的規(guī)則：
⑴一般在詞尾加er ；
⑵以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ；
⑶以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加er ；
⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er .
3．不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副詞的比較級(jí)
1．形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be；有動(dòng)用副,有副用動(dòng))
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后
⑵副詞在句子中最常見(jiàn)的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后
2．副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)
七、There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）
2、在there be 句型中,主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定.
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首.
4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物.
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句.
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句.
7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
8、針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：
What’s + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
八、人稱代詞和物主代詞
1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前（有時(shí)候位于than 之后）,賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后.
2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞,名詞性則單獨(dú)使用,后面不帶名詞.
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格賓格 形容詞性名詞性
我Ime我的 my mine
你,你們youyou 你的,你們的 youryours
他 hehim 他的 hishis
她 she her她的 herhers
它 itit它的 its its
我們 we us 我們的 ourours
他（她,它）們 they them 他（她,它）們的 theirtheirs
九、系動(dòng)詞Be(am, is, are)的用法
一、請(qǐng)記住以下口訣：
我用am,你用are,is連著他,她,它；單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are.
變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄. 變否定,更容易,be后not莫忘記.
疑問(wèn)否定任你變,句首大寫(xiě)莫遲疑.
二、Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：
1．a(chǎn)m 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as.（was not = wasn’t）
2．a(chǎn)re在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere.（were not = weren’t）
3．帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和am,is, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首.