現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.如：
Have you read that story?你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎?（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容.）
I have bought two apples． 我買了兩個(gè)蘋果.（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果.）
在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already,just,ever,yet,never等.already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中.如：
I have already finished my homework．我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了.
He has just had his meal．他剛吃過飯.
Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎?
They haven't started yet．他們還沒有動(dòng)身.
We have never heard of it．我們從來沒有聽說過這件事.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去.試比較：
The plane has arrived .飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了.（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒.）
The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago.飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去.）
have been in,have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1.have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用.如：
Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了.
They have been in Canada for five years.他們到加拿大有五年了.
2.have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了.可與just,ever,never等連用.如：
I've just been to the post office.我剛才去郵局了.
Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?
Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過長城.
3.have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次.如：
I've been to Beijing three times.我去過北京三次.
They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了.
4.have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中.總之,說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語.如：
—Where is Tom?湯姆在哪里?
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去了.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.如：
Have you read that story?你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎?（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容.）
I have bought two apples． 我買了兩個(gè)蘋果.（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果.）
在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already,just,ever,yet,never等.already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中.如：
I have already finished my homework．我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了.
He has just had his meal．他剛吃過飯.
Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎?
They haven't started yet．他們還沒有動(dòng)身.
We have never heard of it．我們從來沒有聽說過這件事.
接觸五：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去.試比較：
The plane has arrived .飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了.（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒.）
The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago.飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去.）
接觸六：have been in,have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1.have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用.如：
Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了.
They have been in Canada for five years.他們到加拿大有五年了.
2.have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了.可與just,ever,never等連用.如：
I've just been to the post office.我剛才去郵局了.
Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?
Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過長城.
3.have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次.如：
I've been to Beijing three times.我去過北京三次.
They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了.
4.have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中.總之,說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語.如：
—Where is Tom?湯姆在哪里?
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去了.