although, though, as, even though, even if, despite, (in) despite of, in spite of等,除了后三者是介詞（短語）外,其余都是從屬連詞. 一. 從屬連詞although, though, as, even though, even if的用法 1.在自然語序的讓步狀語從句中,although, though, even though的用法相同,均可置于句首或從句首,常與動詞連用,只是thouth比另兩者要通俗些.如： Though/Although/Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.盡管這項(xiàng)工作艱難,我卻喜歡它. Although/Though/Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game.(=We lost the game although/though/even though we tried our best.)雖然我們已經(jīng)盡了最大的力量,但還是輸了. 注意：上述的句型都不能用as代替though, although或even though. 2.當(dāng)讓步狀語從句的動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的假說或一般的行為習(xí)慣時(shí),通常用even though/even if,一般不用though, although和as,如： Even if/Even thouth I have to walk all the way,I’ll go there. 即使我得一路走著去,我也要走到那里. She won’t leave the TV set even though/even if supper’s on the table. 即使晚飯已擺在桌上,她也不愿意離開電視機(jī). 但是,有時(shí)though+情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞也可替代even though/even if+動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示習(xí)慣性的行為.如： Even if/Even though you don’t like wine（=though you may not like wine）,try a glass of this. 盡管你不喜歡酒,也要喝一杯這樣的酒. 3. 當(dāng)讓步狀語從句的動詞用虛擬式表示與事實(shí)相反的假說時(shí),大多數(shù)用even though/even if, 而不用though, although和as,如： It was a sword-thrust, received from twenty to twenty-four hours before, but nothing could have saved him even if/even though he had been tended without delay. 那是一處二十至二十四小時(shí)前被劍刺的傷口,但是,即使他當(dāng)時(shí)得到及時(shí)的救護(hù),也沒法挽救他的命. You are not stupid. Even though/Even if you were slow at study, you shouldn’t give up your studies. 你并不傻,即使你學(xué)得慢一點(diǎn),也不應(yīng)該放棄學(xué)習(xí). 4.在倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句中,通常用though或as,不用although, even though.如： Poor though/as I am, I can afford beer. 雖然我窮,我還可以買得起啤酒. Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 盡管我還小,但對要從事的職業(yè)已經(jīng)胸有成竹. Strange though it may seem, it is true. 盡管這事似乎很奇怪,可是是真的. Try as he would/might, he couldn’t open the door.雖然他試了幾次,卻仍打不開那門. 5.在省略了主語、be動詞或行為動詞的讓步狀語從句中,常常用though/although,而不用as, even though, even if,如： Her appointment was a significant（success）,although/though( it was a )temporary success. 她受聘雖然是臨時(shí)性的,但卻是一大成功. He performed the task well, although/though（he performed it）slowly.盡管他做得有些慢,但把任務(wù)完成得很好. It is a sunny day, though/although (it is) cold. 今天雖然冷,但陽光充足. 注意：上述三句中的although/though可用albeit代替,只是albeit比另兩者更文雅、更正式一些,如： Her appointment was a significant, albeit temporary success. He performed the task well, albeit slowly. It is a sunny day, albeit cold. 6.though作副詞時(shí)表示“盡管如此”,一般置于句末,可用however代替,此時(shí)不能用although/even though/as等代替.如： We all tried our best. We lost the game, though/however. 我們都已盡了最大的力量,盡管如此,我們還是輸了. The task was very hard. He decided to perform it, though/however. 任務(wù)很艱巨,盡管如此,他還是決定去執(zhí)行. 注意：當(dāng)however置于第二句（表示結(jié)果）的句首時(shí),不能用though來代替,如上述兩句可改為： We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. The task was very hard. However, he decided to perform it. 7.當(dāng)狀語從句用although/though/as/even though時(shí),不能與but連用,但可與yet連用,如： Although/Though/Even though he is old, (yet) he is quite strong. 雖然他老了,但是還是十分強(qiáng)壯. Child as/though he is, (yet) he knows a lot of Chinese characters.盡管他是個(gè)小孩,卻懂得很多漢字. 二、介詞（短語）despite/(in)despite of/in spite of的用法 在英語中,despite/(in)despite of/in spite of是介詞（短語）,都可接名詞（短語）、動名詞（短語）,只是(in)despite of是較古老的用語,這短語中的in可以省略.如： They had a wonderful holiday, despite/in spite of/(in) despite of bad weather. 盡管天氣不好,他們的假日還是過得極為愉快. Despite/In spite of/(In) despite of wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters.她盡管很想再見到他,但卻不愿意給他回信. Despite/In spite of/(In) despite of the fact that we tried our best, we didn’t win. 盡管我們盡了最大的努力,我們還是沒有得勝.