18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一：用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞.及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞.例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯（注：先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線；用不同的顏色表示出.）
（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（對） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where,when聯(lián)系在一起.此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上.
方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞.
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where,that,on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D.
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語.而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A.
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who,whom,that,which,whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) .
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