英語中的并列連詞不多,常見的只有and, or, but, yet等,并且其用法也不復(fù)雜,在高考英語中直接考查并列連詞用法的考題比較少見.但是,這并不意味著你就可對(duì)并列連詞“置之不理”,因?yàn)槊}者雖然不會(huì)直接考查并列連詞的用法,但他們卻經(jīng)常把并列連詞作為一種設(shè)計(jì)陷阱題的工具,把一些本來很容易的考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)成難題,甚至陷阱題.本文擬就如何巧借并列連詞破解非謂語動(dòng)詞難題或陷阱題作一分析.


一、借并列連詞識(shí)別平行結(jié)構(gòu)

根據(jù)英語語法習(xí)慣,用并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)語法成分通常應(yīng)是平行的、對(duì)等的.若并列連詞連接的是兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞,原則上說它們應(yīng)是同一形式——同為不定式,或同為-ing分詞,或同為-ed分詞.如：

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣.

Shops were open, especially places which sold things to eat and to drink. 店鋪都開著,尤其是賣飲食的店鋪.

To mean to do something and to do something actually are two different things. 打算做一件事和實(shí)際上做一件事完全是兩回事.

有些用than連接的非謂語動(dòng)詞也往往需要一致的形式.如：

Friendship is like money: easier made than kept. 友誼像金錢——掙來容易維持難.

“Why don’t you get yourself a job?” “That’s easier said than done.” “你怎么不找個(gè)工作呢?”“說起來容易,找起來難哪!”

請(qǐng)看一道高考題：

It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _________ better ones of your own. (北京卷)

A. introduces B. to introduceC. introducingD. introduced

此題答案為C.句中的并列連詞and連接的是兩個(gè)對(duì)稱的并列成分,由于其前的considering…為動(dòng)名詞,所以空格處也要用動(dòng)名詞.

請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧傻老嚓P(guān)的考題：

1. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _________ work for young people.

A. provide B. to provide C. providingD. provided

答案為B.not…but連接兩個(gè)不定式作表語,所以選B.句意為：這個(gè)計(jì)劃的目的不是為了幫助雇主,而是為了給年輕人提供工作機(jī)會(huì).

2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________ it more difficult. (zn)

A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make

答案為B.空格處填不定式是為了與前面的to make life easier保持一致.句意為：新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易,而不是為了使生活變得更困難.

3. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _________. (上海卷)

A. he’d like to collect coins as well

B. he feels like collecting coins, too

C. to collect coins is also his hobby

D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure

答案為D.并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)平行的句子構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句,比較前后兩個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu),顯然只有D最合適.


二、借并列連詞識(shí)別非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)與并列句考點(diǎn)

有的考題從表面上看是在考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,而實(shí)際上是在考查并列句的有關(guān)知識(shí),此時(shí)若能充分注意到句中的并列連詞,同時(shí)結(jié)合并列連詞對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析,問題往往可以迎刃而解.請(qǐng)看下面一道高考題：

_________ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南卷)

A. Having searched B. To searchC. Searching D. Search

此題初看一眼,完全像是一道非謂語動(dòng)詞考題,因?yàn)樗膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三項(xiàng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞.粗心的考生很可能會(huì)據(jù)此最先排除選項(xiàng)D,因?yàn)樗皇欠侵^語動(dòng)詞.其實(shí),此題的答案正是D.做好本題的關(guān)鍵是要注意到句中的并列連詞and,由and可知這是一個(gè)并列句,and的后面是句子,其前面也應(yīng)是句子.由于句首無主語,可推斷它是祈使句,所以選動(dòng)詞原形,即答案為D.

與上面的情況相反,如果兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞,那么其中有個(gè)“句子”就肯定不是“句子”,因?yàn)樗鼪]有完整的謂語.如下面這道高考題：

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March. (山東卷)

A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched

由于兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞,所以空格處不可能填一個(gè)完整的謂語,據(jù)此我們可以最先排除選項(xiàng)A.又由于動(dòng)作于去年的三月底就已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以不能選表示未來動(dòng)作的不定式,即不能選D；又由于句子用了具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(at the end of last March),故不能選完成式,即不能選B.所以答案為C.其實(shí)the most recent being launched at the end of last March為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).

請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅嬉活}：

The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day. (重慶卷)

A. finishing B. finishedC. had finished D. were finished

由于兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞,所以空格處不可能填一個(gè)完整的謂語,據(jù)此我們可以最先排除選項(xiàng)C和D.再根據(jù)句意,由于lessons與動(dòng)詞finish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用過去分詞,即選B.其實(shí),their lessons finished for the day也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).

我們最后再來看兩道題,這是兩道很容易混淆的考題：

1. He wrote a lot of novels, none of them _________ into a foreign language.

A. translatingB. translatedC. were translated D. had translated

2. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _________ into a foreign language.

A. translatingB. translated C. were translated D. had translated

我們先來分析第1題,根據(jù)前面的思路我們可以推知,空格處不能填一個(gè)完整的謂語,因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)“句子”之間沒有并列連詞,所以可以排除C和D；再根據(jù)“小說”與“翻譯”之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可以確定答案為B而不是A.

我們?cè)賮砜纯吹?題,其實(shí)這一題與第1題只有一個(gè)詞的差別,那就是將第1題中的them改成了which.粗心的考生很可能會(huì)忽略這一差別,仍將答案確定為A.但事實(shí)上,由于將句中的them改成了which,就使得第2題的句子由簡(jiǎn)單句變成了復(fù)合句,因?yàn)閚one of which…在此引出一個(gè)定語從句；而定語從句作為“句子”,它就必須要有完整的謂語,同時(shí)結(jié)合“小說”與“翻譯”之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,我們可以確定此題的答案為C而不是B.