without：
一、基本用法
1.(表否定)沒有,無,不需.
2.(用在no,not,never等否定副詞之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定)沒有……不,沒有……則不能……,每……必定…….
3.(與-ing形式連用)不,無,沒.
4.(表?xiàng)l件)若無,若非.
二、作表語的用法
without引出的介詞短語通常用作狀語,但有時(shí)也可用作表語.如：
She is completely without shame.她恬不知恥.
My investigations were without result.我的調(diào)查毫無結(jié)果.
The houses in this village are without water.這個(gè)村子里家家戶戶都沒有自來水.
We were without electricity for three hours but it’s on again now.我們的電停了3小時(shí),現(xiàn)在又有了.
三、后接復(fù)合賓語的用法
without后接復(fù)合賓語的常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
1.without+賓語+副詞
I’d be lost without you here.沒有你在這兒,我會(huì)一籌莫展.
I’m very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼鏡十分近視.
2.without+賓語+介詞短語
We’d be better off without them as neighbors.要是沒有這些鄰居,我們就過得更愉快了.
I don’t like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜歡加糖的咖啡,里邊不加糖我更喜歡.
3.without+賓語+動(dòng)名詞
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.無人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去.
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他們爭(zhēng)論了幾個(gè)小時(shí),也沒作出決定.
4.without+賓語+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on?沒有人幫忙,我們?cè)趺茨苓M(jìn)行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do.無所事事地坐在那里太無聊了.
5.without+賓語+過去分詞
Without another word exchanged,they started off.沒有再交談一句,他們就出發(fā)了.
這樣你應(yīng)該明白了吧!before？