(1) AAA型(動詞原形、過去式與過過分詞同形)
cost(花費(fèi)) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 傷害) hurt hurt
let(讓) let let
put(放) put put
read (讀) read read
set (設(shè)置)set set
(2) AAB型(動詞原形與過去式同形)
beat(跳動) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(動詞原形與過去分詞同形)
become(變成) became become
come(來) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(懸掛) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (贏) won won
meet(遇見) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(掃) swept swept
feel(感覺) felt felt
smell(聞) smelt smelt
leave(離開) left left
build(建設(shè)) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send (傳送) sent sent
spend(花費(fèi)) spent spent
lose (丟失) lost lost
burn (燃燒) burnt burnt
learn(學(xué)習(xí)) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant
catch(抓?。?caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(帶來) brought brought
fight (戰(zhàn)斗) fought fought
buy(買) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (聽見) heard heard
sell(賣) sold sold
tell(告訴) told told
say(說) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白u(yù)nderstood understood
(5) ABC型(動詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形)
begin(開始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(鈴響) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (畫) drew drawn
fly(飛) flew flown
grow(生長) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投擲) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(選擇) chose chosen
forget(忘記) forgot forgotten (forgot)
speak(說,講) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woke
drive(駕駛) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(給) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(?。?took taken
mistake(弄錯) mistook mistaken
ride(騎) rode ridden
write(寫) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看見) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
英語動詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞.規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加-ed構(gòu)成,而不規(guī)則動詞的變化因詞而異.
定義:
英語單詞中由動詞原形轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檫^去式和過去分詞時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規(guī)則者叫做不規(guī)則動詞(Irregular Verbs).
現(xiàn)代英語新生成的動詞都?xì)w入“-ed”的規(guī)則變化,例如:
park→parked (停車--1864)
fax→faxed (以傳真?zhèn)魉停?979)
e-mail→e-mailed (以電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送--1982)
(所附年次為最早用例出現(xiàn)年次--O.E.D.)
因此,不規(guī)則動詞可以說都是古英語動詞的不規(guī)則變化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者,所以我們今天在學(xué)習(xí)英語時絕對無法,也不可能規(guī)避這些不規(guī)則動詞.
從英語的演變來看,不規(guī)則動詞就是強(qiáng)勢動詞(Strong Verbs)--即其詞形變化全依其本身之語音(尤其是元音)變化來進(jìn)行而不借助詞尾的變化.例如:
原形: buy sing speak
過去式: bought sang spoke
過去分詞: bought sung spoken
我們學(xué)習(xí)不規(guī)則動詞的時候,最有效的方法就是要針對這種詞形變化的現(xiàn)象,了解其變化的型式,發(fā)出聲音背念,使其能自然地隔入我們的speaking和writing,這樣才能說確實地把不規(guī)則動詞學(xué)會了.
注:與強(qiáng)勢動詞相對,須借助“-ed”之詞尾來進(jìn)行詞形變化的規(guī)則動詞就叫做弱勢動詞(Weak Verbs).
不規(guī)則動詞表
1)A---A---A型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞同形,保持不變,除進(jìn)行式外)
詞例:
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
cost cost cost 花費(fèi)
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
put put put 放下
read # read read 讀
hurt hurt hurt 受傷
let let let 讓
# “Read” 的“過去式”和“過去分詞”的讀音和動詞原型的不同.
2) A---A---B型(現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形)
詞例:
動詞原型 過去式 過去分詞 意思
beat beat beaten 打
3) A---B---A型(現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形)
詞例:
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
come came come 來到
become became become 變
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome 征服,打敗
4)A---B---B型(過去式與過去分詞同形)
分為以下情形:
?、?在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d或t.
詞例:
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
burn burnt burnt 燃燒
learn learned / learnt learned / learnt 學(xué)習(xí)
mean meant meant 含義是
hear heard heard 聽見
?、?把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為“t”.
詞例:
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借
send sent sent 傳送
spend spent spent 花費(fèi)
③ 其他不規(guī)則的各種變化.
詞例:
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思 動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
pay paid paid 付錢 lay laid laid 下蛋
saysaid said 說 bring brought brought 帶來
buy bought bought 買 fight fought fought 戰(zhàn)斗
think thought thought 思考 sleep slept slept 睡覺
feel felt felt 覺得 keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 掃 stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 理解 win won won 勝利
catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教
find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn) get got got 得到
hold held held 握 leave left left 離開
make made made 制造 meet met met 遇見
shoot shot shot 射擊 dig dug dug 挖
smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled 嗅,聞 shine shone / shined shone / shined 發(fā)光
sit sat sat 坐下 have had had 有
5)A---B---C型(三詞不同形)
分為以下情形:
?、?在動詞原形后加-n或-en 構(gòu)成過去分詞 .
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思 動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 給 take tooktaken 拿,記錄,拍攝
see saw seen 看見 write wrote written寫
ride rode ridden 騎 drive drove driven 駕駛
throw threw thrown 拋,扔 blow blewblown 吹
grow grew grown 生長 knowknew known 知道
show showed shown 展示 draw drew drawn 拉,繪畫,抽簽
?、?過去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞.
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
speak spoke spoken 說話
break broke broken 破碎
choose chose chosen 選擇
forget forgot forgotten 忘記
freeze froze frozen 凝固
?、?把單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”變成“a”(過去式)和“u”(過去分詞).
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
begin began begun 開始
ring rang rung 按鈴
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 喝
?、?其他不規(guī)則動詞的變化.
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 意思
be (am, is) wasbeen 是
be (are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
一般過去時態(tài)中不規(guī)則動詞變化及規(guī)律
一般過去時態(tài)中不規(guī)則動詞變化及規(guī)律
其他人氣:146 ℃時間:2020-01-29 13:20:00
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