The teacher said:"The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west."這個就是直接引語
直接引語就是用引號直接引用某人的話,間接引語就是用陳述句來表達某人的話
直接引語和間接引語（Direct Speech and indirect Speech)

直接引述別人的原話,叫直接引語.用自己的話轉述別人的話,叫間接引語.間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成賓語從句.直接引語一般前后要加引號,間接引語不用引號.
例如：Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布萊克先生說：“我很忙”（直接引語）
Mr Black said that he was busy. 布萊克先生說他很忙.（間接引語）
1 陳述句 直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用連詞that引導（that在口語中常省略）,從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應變化.在這一方面,漢語和英語有許多相似之處,因此,在做直接引語和間接引語轉換練習時,要特別注意句子的意義.
1）人稱的變化
a) He said, “I like it very much.”他說：“我非常喜歡它.”
He said that he liked it very much.他說他非常喜歡它.
b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他對我說：“我把書放在你的房間里了.”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告訴我他把書放在我的房間里了.
2）時態(tài)的變化 如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,直接引語變間接引語時,從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應的變化.如主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時,從句的時態(tài)則無需變化.
時態(tài)的變化
例句 直接引語
間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時
→一般過去時
He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.
現(xiàn)在進行時
→過去進行時
He said, “I'm using theknife.”
He said that he was using the knife.
現(xiàn)在完成時
→過去完成時
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般過去時
→過去完成
He said, “I came to help you.”
He said that he had come to help me.
過去完成時不變
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
3)指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化：
變化
例句直接引語
間接引語
this-that
這個-那個
She said, “Iwill come this morning."
She said that she would go that morning.
these-those
這些=那些
He said, "These books are mine."
He said that those books were his.
now-then
現(xiàn)在-那時
He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."
He said that it was nine 0'clock then.
today-that day
今天-那天
He said, "I haven't seen her today."
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
yesterday-
the day before
昨天-前一天
she said, "I went there yesterday."
She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow-
the next
(following) day
明天-第二天
she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."
She said that she would go there the next (following) day.
here-there
這里-那里
come-go
來-去
注：（1）直接引語如果是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變.如：
He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2)如果在當?shù)剞D述,here 不必改為there,動詞come 不必改為go. 如果在當天轉述yesterday, tomorrow 等時間狀語也不必改變.
直接引語變間接引語.見下表.
分類 連接詞 例句 注意事項 補充說明
當直接引語為“陳述句”時 連接詞：that
（口語中常常省略） He says, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”
--He says (that) he will go to the park tomorrow.
He said, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”
--He said (that) he would go to the park tomorrow.
He said to me, “ you can help her.”
--He said to me (that) I could help her.. 1. 連接詞：that
2. 人稱：1主,2賓,3不變
3. 時態(tài). 1. 黑體部分是連接詞.斜體部分為間接引語部分.
2. 間接引語部分均為陳述語序.
3. 間接引語部分實際上是賓語從句,連接詞之間的叫主句.
4. 當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),間接引語部分與直接引語的時態(tài)相同.
5. 當主句是一般過去時態(tài),間接引語部分變?yōu)橄鄳倪^去時態(tài).
當直接引語是“一般疑問句”時. 連接詞：
if或者whether.
可譯為：是否 He asked me, “Are you good at math?’
---He asked me if I was good at math.
He asked Amy, “ Do you love me?”
---He asked Amy whether she loved him.
He asks me, “Is she reading?”
---He asks me if she is reading. 1. 連接詞：if , whether
2. 語序：改為“陳述語序”.
（去掉：Do, Does, Did
改變Are, Is, Will, Can…位置）
3. 人稱：1主,2賓,3不變
4. 時態(tài).
當直接引語為“特殊疑問句”時. 連接詞：
直接引語中的特殊疑問詞. He asked his wife, “How are you?”
---He asked his wife how she was.
He asked me , “ What color do you like?”
---He asked me what color I liked.
He asks me, “ where will she go 3 days later.”
---He asks me where she will go 3 days later. 1. 連接詞：特殊疑問詞
2. 語序：改為“陳述語序”.
（去掉：Do, Does, Did
改變Are, Is, Will, Can…位置）
3. 人稱：1主,2賓,3不變
4. 時態(tài).
當直接引語為“祈使句”時 沒有連接詞.用: ask(tell) sb. to do sth改寫.或tell (ask) sb. not to do sth. 改寫 He said to Amy, “Be careful!”
--He asked Amy to be careful.
He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”
--He told Lily to close the door.
He said to me, “Don’t be late.”
--He asked me not to be late. 1. 不用連接詞
2. 不改變時態(tài).
3. 無須考慮語序
4. 人稱：1主,2賓,3不變 1. 斜體部分為間接引語部分.
2.間接引語部分是動詞不定式,在句中作賓語補足語.
重點概括：
直接引語變間接引語有著時態(tài),人稱,時間狀語,地點狀語的變化.
1.時態(tài)變化：
直接引語： 一般現(xiàn)在時間接引語： 一般過去時
直接引語： 現(xiàn)在進行時間接引語： 過去進行時
直接引語： 一般將來時間接引語： 過去將來時
直接引語： 現(xiàn)在完成時間接引語： 過去完成時
直接引語： 一般過去時間接引語： 過去完成時
2．人稱變化：
She asked Jack,"Where have you been?"
She asked Jack where he had been．
3．指示代詞的變化：
thisthat；thesethose
He said," These books are mine．"
He said that those books were his．
4．時間狀語的變化：
nowthen；
todaythat day；
yesterdaythe day before；
tomorrowthe next day／the following day
My father said,“I worked here twenty years ago．"
My father said that he had worked there twenty years before．
5．地點狀語的變化：
herethere
He asked me,“How can I get here?"
He asked me how he could get there.
直接引語變間接引語的句式變化：
1．陳述句：間接引語用that連接或that連接詞省略.
2．一般疑問句：間接引語用if或whether, said改為asked,句子用陳述語序.
3．特殊疑問句：間接引語用原來的特殊疑問詞引導,句子用陳述句語序.
4．語法知識歸納
直接引語的祈使句變間接引語的方法：
要將祈使句動詞原形變?yōu)閹А皌o”的不定式,并且在不定式的前面根據意思加上tell,ask,order等詞,如果是否定式,不定式前面加"not".
"Open the window," the teacher said to the boy．
The teacher told the boy to open the window．
"Tell him to come in," the boss said to the secretary．
The boss told the secretary to tell him to come in．
"Don't leave the door open," he said．
He told us not to leave the door open.