V-ing的用法-----動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別
V-ing在英語(yǔ)中可看作是動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞.
一.V-ing做動(dòng)名詞
具有名詞的特征,在句中作主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ).有時(shí)可有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ).
例子:Seeing(主語(yǔ)) is believing.(表語(yǔ))
★Would you mind opening the window?(賓語(yǔ))
★The reading room is bright and large.(定語(yǔ),表用途/作用)
二.V-ing作現(xiàn)在分詞.
具有形容詞的特征,在句中當(dāng)定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),主補(bǔ),狀語(yǔ).
例子:The rising sun looks very beautiful.(定語(yǔ),表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
★The boy talking with the teacher is our monitor.(分詞短語(yǔ)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)則在所修飾名詞的后面當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ).)
= The boy who is talking with the teacher is our monitor.
★The music is exciting.(表語(yǔ),表主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),特征可用Very,so,such等修飾)
★When I came in,I found many students sleeping.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
注意:find/see/hear/watch/observe/notice + sb + doing (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
+ do (強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程)
catch/keep/leave +sb +doing
★使役動(dòng)詞:have/make sb doing ------ we tried our best,but still couldn’t have the machine running.(強(qiáng)調(diào)啟動(dòng),進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài).在此,現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)狀態(tài).)
have/make/let sb do----------Mother always let the children wash their hands before having meal.(強(qiáng)調(diào)與children的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)關(guān)系.即children 是wash的執(zhí)行者)
have/make/ let sth done-------My bike is broken,I want to have it repaired.(強(qiáng)調(diào)與it 的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系.即bike是repair的承受者)
get sb doing------we tried our best,but still couldn’t get the machine running.(強(qiáng)調(diào)啟動(dòng),進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài).在此,現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或持續(xù)狀態(tài).)
get sb to do----- Who can get this sick horse to eat?(to do 強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒(méi)發(fā)生,或強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程,其跟前面的名詞的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)關(guān)系.)
get sth done------ My bike is broken,I want to get it repaired.(于前面have/make/let sth done一樣的用法)
辨析:
一.動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)的辨析:
★動(dòng)名詞:說(shuō)明它所修飾的名詞的作用和用途.
★現(xiàn)在分詞:表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.
例如:There is a swimming pool in our school.(動(dòng)名詞,表用途,作用)
= There is a pool for swimming in our school.
★I found a sleeping baby on the bed.(現(xiàn)在分詞,表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
= I found a baby who is sleeping on the bed.
★The boy standing there is my classmate.(現(xiàn)在分詞,表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.)= The boy who is standing there is my classmate.
二.動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)的辨析:
★動(dòng)名詞:表主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,不能用very,so,quite等修飾.
★現(xiàn)在分詞:表主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì).相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,可用very,so quite,such等修飾.
例如:Seeing is believing.(動(dòng)名詞)
★This book is very interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
三.現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)于進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別:
★現(xiàn)在分詞:主語(yǔ)具備的性質(zhì),描述的是一種狀態(tài).
★進(jìn)行時(shí):強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,側(cè)重對(duì)動(dòng)作的描述.
例如:The book is very interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞,表示書(shū)的性質(zhì)是一本有趣的書(shū).)
★We are having English class.(進(jìn)行時(shí),表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.)