中秋節(jié)的：
每年農(nóng)歷八月十五日,是傳統(tǒng)的中秋佳節(jié).
【譯文】
Annually lunar calendar August 15th, is a traditional Mid-Autumn joyful festival
遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的游子,也借此寄托自己對故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情.
【譯文】
Far traveller in other place, also borrow this feeling that consigns the oneself to remember fondly to the home town and close relatives.
所以,中秋又稱“團(tuán)圓節(jié)”.
【譯文】
So, the Mid-Autumn call" reunited stanza" again.
設(shè)大香案,擺上月餅、西瓜、蘋果、紅棗、李子、葡萄等祭品,其中月餅和西瓜是絕對不能少的.
【譯文】
Establish the big incense burner table, put a round flat cake, watermelon, apple, red date, plum, grape of last month etc. sacrificial offering, among them, the moon cake and watermelons absolutely can't be little.
切月餅的人預(yù)先算好全家共有多少人,在家的,在外地的,都要算在一起,不能切多也不能切少,大小要一樣.
【譯文】
The person who slices the moon cake calculates the good whole family in advance to have totally how much person, at home of, in the other parts of country of, all want to calculate together, can't slice to have another also can't slice little, the size want to be similar.
在唐代,中秋賞月、玩月頗為盛行.
【譯文】
At the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn appreciates the month and plays the month very widely accepted.
圣誕節(jié)的：
Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christ's birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament.
The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god-Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days.
The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans.
The Roman's celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places.
"Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians thought it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.
The exact day of the Christ child's birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas.
The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin's name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quirnius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody knows the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
The custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on a special day in winter probably began in ancient Rome and northern Europe. In these regions, people gave each other small presents as part of their year-end celebrations.
In the 1800's, two more Christmas customs became popular--decorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends. Many well-known Christmas carols, including ``Silent Night" and ``Hark! The Herald Angels Sing," were composed during this period. In the United States and other countries, Santa Claus replaced Saint Nicholas as the symbol of gift giving.
The word Xmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christ's name. It was frequently used as a holy symbol.
“圣誕節(jié)”這個名稱是“基督彌撒”的縮寫.彌撒是教會的一種禮拜儀式.耶誕節(jié)是一個宗教節(jié).我們把它當(dāng)作耶穌的誕辰來慶祝,因而又名耶誕節(jié).這一天,世界所有的基督教會都舉行特別的禮拜儀式.但是有很多圣誕節(jié)的歡慶活動和宗教并無半點關(guān)聯(lián).交換禮物,寄圣誕卡,這都使圣誕節(jié)成為一個普天同慶的日子.
圣誕節(jié)是基督教世界最大的節(jié)日.4世紀(jì)初,1月6日是羅馬帝國東部各教會紀(jì)念耶穌降生和受洗的雙重節(jié)日、稱為“主顯節(jié)”Epiphany,亦稱“顯現(xiàn)節(jié)”即上帝通過耶穌向世人顯示自己.當(dāng)時只有耶路撒冷的教會例外,那里只紀(jì)念耶穌的誕生而不紀(jì)念耶穌的受洗.
后來歷史學(xué)家們在羅馬基督徒習(xí)用的日歷中發(fā)現(xiàn)公元 354年12月25日頁內(nèi)記錄著：“基督降生在猶大的伯利恒.”經(jīng)過研究,一般認(rèn)為12月25日作為圣誕節(jié)可能開始于公元336年的羅馬教會.12月25日原來是波斯太陽神（即光明之神）密特拉（Mithra）的誕辰,是一個異教徒節(jié)日,同時太陽神也是羅馬國教眾神之一.這一天又是羅馬歷書的冬至節(jié),崇拜太陽神的異教徒都把這一天當(dāng)作春天的希望,萬物復(fù)蘇的開始.可能由于這個原因,羅馬教會才選擇這一天作為圣誕節(jié).這是教會初期力圖把異教徒的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣基督教化的措施之一.后來,雖然大多數(shù)教會都接受12月25日為圣誕節(jié),但又因為各地教會使用的歷書不同,具體日期不能統(tǒng)一,于是就把12月24日到第二年的1月6日定為圣誕節(jié)節(jié)期（Christmas Tide）,各地教會可以根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)鼐唧w情況在這段節(jié)期之內(nèi)慶祝圣誕節(jié).
國慶節(jié)的：
National Day material -- various countries National Day origin The National Day is each national important holiday, but the name has differently. Many countries are called "the National Day" or "the National Day", but also has some countries to call "the independent date" or "the independent festival", also some calling "republican date", "republic date", "revolutionary date", "liberation date", "national revival festival", "constitution date" and so on, but also has directly to the country's name adds on "the date", like "the Australian date", "the Pakistani date", some take king's birthday or ascends the base date as the National Day, in case king changes, National Day specific date also along with it replacement. Every time meets the National Day, the various countries all must hold the different form celebration, strengthens the our country people's patriotic consciousness, the enhancement country cohesive force. Between the various countries also all must mutually express the congratulation. Meets five meets for ten National Days, some also must expand the celebration scale. In order to celebrate the National Day, the various countries' government usually must hold a time of National Day reception, by the head of state, the head of government or foreign minister acts on behalf of to manage, the invitation is stationed at the locality the various countries' diplomatic agent and other important foreign guests participates. But also has the country does not hold the reception, like US, England do not hold the reception.
“國慶”一詞,本指國家喜慶之事,最早見于西晉.西晉的文學(xué)家陸機在《五等諸侯論》一文中就曾有“國慶獨饗其利,主憂莫與其害”的記載、我國封建時代、國家喜慶的大事,莫大過于帝王的登基、誕辰（清朝稱皇帝的生日為萬歲節(jié)）等.因而我國古代把皇帝即位、誕辰稱為“國慶”.今天稱國家建立的紀(jì)念日為國慶.
1949年10月1日,是新中國成立的紀(jì)念日.這里應(yīng)該說明一點,在許多人的印象中,1949年的10月l日在北京天安門廣場舉行了有數(shù)十萬軍民參加的中華人民共和國開國大典.其實,人們頭腦中的這一印象并不準(zhǔn)確.,1949年10月1日在天安門廣場舉行的典禮是中華人民共和國中央人民政府成立盛典,而不是開國大典.實際上,中華人民共和國的“開國”,也就是說中華人民共和國的成立,早在當(dāng)年10月1日之前一個星期就已經(jīng)宣布過了.當(dāng)時也不叫“開國大典”,而是稱作“開國盛典”.時間是1949年9月21日.這一天,中國人民政治協(xié)商會議籌備會主任毛澤東在政協(xié)第一屆會議上所致的開幕詞中就已經(jīng)宣告了新中國的誕生.
那么10月1日的國慶又是怎么回事呢?在中國人民政治協(xié)商會議第一屆全國委員會第一次會議上,許廣平發(fā)言說：“馬敘倫委員請假不能來,他托我來說,中華人民共和國的成立,應(yīng)有國慶日,希望本會決定把10月1日定為國慶日.”毛澤東說“我們應(yīng)作一提議,向政府建議,由政府決定.”1949年10月2日,中央人民政府通過《關(guān)于中華人民共和國國慶日的決議》,規(guī)定每年10月1日為國慶日,并以這一天作為宣告中華人民共和國成立的日子.從此,每年的10月1日就成為全國各族人民隆重歡慶的節(jié)日了.
端午節(jié)的：
The emblem of the Olympic Games is composed of five interlocking rings (blue, yellow, black, green, and red respectively) on a white field. This was originally designed in 1913 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games. Upon its initial introduction, de Coubertin stated the following in the August, 1913 edition of Revue Olympique:
The emblem chosen to illustrate and represent the world Congress of 1914 ...: five intertwined rings in different colours - blue, yellow, black, green, red - are placed on the white field of the paper. These five rings represent the five parts of the world which now are won over to Olympism and willing to accept healthy competition.
In his article published in the "Olympic Revue" the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee in November 1992, the American historian Robert Barney explains that the idea of the interlaced rings came to Pierre de Coubertin when he was in charge of the USFSA, an association founded by the union of a two French sports associations and until 1925, responsible for representing the International Olympic Committee in France: The emblem of the union was two interlaced rings (like the vesica piscis typical interlaced marriage rings) and originally the idea of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung because for him the ring meant continuity and the human being.[2]
The 1914 Congress had to be suspended due to the outbreak of World War I, but the emblem (and flag) were later adopted. They would first officially debut at the VIIth Olympiad in Antwerp, Belgium in 1920.
The emblem's popularity and widespread use began during the lead-up to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Carl Diem, president of the Organizing Committee of the 1936 Summer Olympics, wanted to hold a torchbearers' ceremony in the stadium at Delphi, site of the famous oracle, where the Pythian Games were also held. For this reason he ordered construction of a milestone with the Olympic rings carved in the sides, and that a torchbearer should carry the flame along with an escort of three others from there to Berlin. The ceremony was celebrated but the stone was never removed. Later, two British authors Lynn and Gray Poole when visiting Delphi in the late 1950s saw the stone and reported in their "History of the Ancient Games" that the Olympic rings design came from ancient Greece. This has become known as "Carl Diem's Stone".[3] This created a myth that the symbol had an ancient Greek origin. The rings would subsequently be featured prominently in Nazi images in 1936 as part of an effort to glorify the Third Reich.