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英語(yǔ)發(fā)音規(guī)則
一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a
在開(kāi)音節(jié)中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在閉音節(jié)中
[ ]
bag dad hat map black back
e
在開(kāi)音節(jié)中
[i:]
he these me Chinese
在閉音節(jié)中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在開(kāi)音節(jié)中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
在閉音節(jié)中
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在開(kāi)音節(jié)中
[Eu]
those close go hoe home no
在閉音節(jié)中
[C]
clock not box shop sock
u
在開(kāi)音節(jié)中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在閉音節(jié)中
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
在開(kāi)音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí)讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二,元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a
[E]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E]/[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
動(dòng)詞中的a如果處在開(kāi)音節(jié)位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate
u處在開(kāi)音節(jié)位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時(shí),讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
三,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音
元音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a在[w]音后面
[C]
want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
o在-st -ld前
[Eu]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[Q]
come monkey love mother
四,-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字組
讀 音
例 詞
ar
ar在[w]音后面
[a:]
car farm dark sharpener
[C:]
warm quarter towards
or
or在[w]音后面
[C:]
forty morning short
[E:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[E:]
certainly bird Thursday
輔音字母r雙寫(xiě)時(shí),前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音.例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五,-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字組
讀 音
例 詞
are
[a:E]
care dare hare
ere
[iE]
here mere
ire
[aiE]
fire hire wire
ore
[C:]
more score before
ure
[ju:E]
pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
重讀元音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時(shí),重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音.
例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)音短化現(xiàn)象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
元音字組
讀 音
例 詞
ai/ay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[C]
small ball talk wall all
[C:l]
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half calm
au/aw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E:]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iE]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
eu/ew在
j l r s后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew
ie/ei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
[C:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
course your four
[auE]
our hour ours
[C:]
journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice fruit suit
七,非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音
元音字組或字群
讀 音
例 詞
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[tFE n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
[VE]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFE]
picture culture
八,元字組在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
復(fù)合詞中的第二部分不標(biāo)注重音符號(hào),但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀.
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
blackboard[C:]
有些詞隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨(dú)存在的意義,融合成為一個(gè)詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音.
例如:
sun太陽(yáng) + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九,輔字組的讀音
輔字組
讀 音
例 詞
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[/]
bomb tomb
c
c在e前或在i/y前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema
ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[F]
machine
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day
-dge
[dV]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink
f
[f]
five four breakfast
g
g在e i/y前
[^]
bag gardon go
[dV]
orange large German
gh
[f]
cough enough
[/]
light daughter high
gu- -gue
gu在非重讀音節(jié)中
[^]
guess league dialogue
[^w]
language anguish
h
[h]
hot head house hand
[/]
hour honest
j
[dV]
jeep jar joke join July
k
[k]
kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife know knock
l
[l]
life milk school tall
m
[m]
monkey come autumn
-mn
[m]
autumn column
n
n在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
[N]
uncle thank hungry
-ng
[N]
morning young wrong
p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone
q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber ruler
s在詞首或清輔音前
元音字母間或濁輔音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music husband
sc-
[sk]
scarlet
[s]
muscle science
sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash
t在通常情況下
在弱讀字母ia ie io前
[t]
ten letter meet
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch
th在通常情況下
在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中
在詞尾-the -ther中
[θ]
thin thirty method
[T]
the these with than
[T]
clothe father weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck
v
[v]
very voice love leave
w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
[/]
answer two
wh-
wh-在字母o前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who whose whole
x
在重讀元音前
[ks]
box text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
重讀音節(jié) 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié).用音標(biāo)標(biāo)記雙音節(jié),多音節(jié)詞的讀音時(shí),應(yīng)使用重讀符號(hào).單音節(jié)詞多數(shù)是重讀音節(jié),標(biāo)記讀音時(shí)不需要使用重讀符號(hào).
開(kāi)音節(jié) ①絕對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié):單個(gè)元音字母后面沒(méi)有輔字組的重讀音節(jié).例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié):單個(gè)元音字母后面加單個(gè)輔音字母,再加一個(gè)不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié).例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
閉音節(jié) 單個(gè)元音字母后面有輔字組(r w y 除外)且以輔字組結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié).例如:bag egg fish not cup
多音節(jié)詞重讀規(guī)則 多音節(jié)詞通常在倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)重讀.
例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
詞尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的詞,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個(gè)音節(jié)上重讀.例如:scien tific im pression nation