直接引語：直接引用別人的話,并在原話前后加引號.
例：He said:" It is too late."
間接引語：通過第三者轉述別人的話,多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構成.
例：He said it was too late.
直接引語與間接引語相互轉化時應注意的問題.
1.人稱的變化.
主語為第一人稱的直接引語,變間接引語時,人稱要做相應調整.
例如：
直接引語 She said:" I am hungry."
間接引語 She said she was hungry.
直接引語 Mum said to me:" You can clean your bedroom tomorrow."
間接引語 Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day .
2.時態(tài)變化
直接引語變間接引語時,間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致.當主句為過去時,從句要跟著相應的變化,變化如下：
直接引語時態(tài) 間接引語時態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 中考考的時態(tài)都列
現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時
現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時
一般將來時 過去將來時
一般過去時 過去完成時
過去完成時 不變
過去進行時 不變過去進行時不用變!
1>“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. 現(xiàn)在時
She said that she was very glad to visit our school. 過去式
2>. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”現(xiàn) 進
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. 過 進
3>. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”現(xiàn) 完
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. 過 完
4>. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”現(xiàn)在時
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. 過去式
5>. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. 過去式
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. 過 完
6>. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework
before you watched TV?”過 完
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.過 完
注,現(xiàn) 完 ：為現(xiàn)在完成時,現(xiàn) 進：為現(xiàn)在進行時,以此類推
注意：
1>.直接引語為客觀真理時,間接引語時態(tài)不變,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時.
例如：Teacher said to us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
The teacher said to us : “Light travels faster than sound .”
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound .
2>.直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用時,間接引語仍用一般過去時.
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
3>.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候,間接引語時態(tài)不變.
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
3.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化.
this ---- that, these---- those, here---- there, today---- that day, tomorrow--- the next day, next week---- the next week, come----go 等）
4.句式上的變化
1>.陳述句變間接引語時,用that連接, that 無實際意義,可省略.
例 Lana said : “I am mad at Marcia.”
Lana said ( that ) she was mad at Marcia.
He said : “We are good at English.”
He said (that ) they were good at English.
She said to me : “She does her homework every night.”
She told me( that )she did her homework every night.
He said : “ I go to school by bus.”
He said (that) he went to school by bus.
2>.一般疑問句,選擇疑問句變間接引語時,要用陳述語氣,并要加連詞if或whether.
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3>.特殊疑問句變間接引語要用特殊疑問詞引導.
例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
He asked me : “What time is it now?”
He asked me what time it was then.
注意：轉述問句時后面用陳述句語序.
4>.祈使句變間接引語,一改二變三加四去.
一改：said (to) 改為asked或told
二變：said to 的賓語或呼語變?yōu)閍sked等的賓語
三加：即在動詞原形前加to,使成為動詞不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away, please "
He asked her not to take the book away.
He said to me : “Please do it again.”
He told/ asked me to do it again.
The teacher said : “Don’t talk in class ,Tom .”
The teacher told/ asked Tom not to talk in class .
以上均已歸納,希望你能采納,謝謝O(∩_∩)O~~~