現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法
1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,so far,never,just,before,recently,
I have lost my key.（說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)丟的,現(xiàn)在還未找到.）
2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用.for+一段時(shí)間,since+一段時(shí)間 How long..
I have known him for ten years.
For 和since要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞leave/go- be away,come-be here/be in,buy- have,borrow-keep,join-be in/a member of,die-be dead,begin- be on,finish- be over
3.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間到說(shuō)話時(shí)這段時(shí)間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用often,always,seldom,never等連用.注意與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別.
We have been to the Summer Palace twice.
4． 表示次數(shù).
5.Have been to /have gone to
6.經(jīng)典句子I haven’ t seen you for a long time.Where have you been?I have been to Shanghai.How many times have you been there?I have been there twice
7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
1）側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān).
2）連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同.
3）詢問(wèn)某事過(guò)去發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)時(shí)必須用一般過(guò)去時(shí).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.
8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需要注意的幾點(diǎn)
1）由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
2）句型It is/ has been+ 時(shí)間段 + since
3）表示某人所作過(guò)的用This is the….that….結(jié)構(gòu),后面的句子要用完成時(shí).
This is the first time that I have been here.
4）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù).可與for,since連用.
5) age /before的區(qū)別
ago為副詞,表示從現(xiàn)在算起的過(guò)去某時(shí)間以前,用于名詞詞組 + ago .ago所在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為過(guò)去時(shí),它不可以單獨(dú)使用,也不可以用做連詞.
before為副詞時(shí),表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻或某一事件算起的過(guò)去某時(shí)間以前,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).它還可以單獨(dú)使用,也可以用做連詞,此時(shí)后接單詞,詞組或句子.