介詞

編輯本段一、概念:
介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞.在句中不能單獨作句子成分.介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語.介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語,表語,補語或介詞賓語.
編輯本段二.相關(guān)知識點精講
介詞口訣：自從以當(dāng)為按照,由于對于為了到；和跟把比在關(guān)于,除了同對向往朝；用在名詞代詞前,修飾動形要記牢.
編輯本段1.表示地點位置的介詞
1)at ,in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁邊”
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”.
on 表示毗鄰,接壤,“在……上面”.
to 表示在……范圍外,不強調(diào)是否接壤；或“到……”
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia lies on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不強調(diào)是否垂直,與 below相對；
over指垂直的上方,與under相對,但over與物體有一定的空間,不直接接觸.
on表示某物體上面并與之接觸.
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下,不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
編輯本段2.表示時間的介詞
1)in , on,at 在……時
in表示較長時間,如世紀(jì)、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等.
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, at night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等.
on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚.
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等.
at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間,或泛指圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等.
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等.
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞.如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后；
“after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后；
“after+將來點時間”表示將來的某一時刻以后.
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.
3)from, since 自從……
from僅說明什么時候開始,不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久；
since表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻,通常與完成時連用.
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示時間；
behind主要用于表示位置.
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
時間名詞前介詞用法口訣
年前周前要用in
具體日子卻要禁
遇到幾號要用on
上午下午又是in
要說某日上下午
用on換in記清楚
午夜黃昏用at
黎明用它也不錯
at用在時分前
說“差”可要用上to
說"過''要用past
編輯本段3.表運動方向的介詞：
across, through 通過,穿過
across表示橫過,即從物體表面通過,與on有關(guān)；
through穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過,與in有關(guān).
She swam across the river.
He walked through the forest.
編輯本段4.表示“在……之間”的介詞：
between, among
between指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；
among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間.
There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.
The teacher is standing among the students.
編輯本段5.表示其他意義的介詞
1)on ,about 關(guān)于
on 表示這本書,這篇文章或演說是嚴(yán)肅的,或?qū)W術(shù)性的,可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀；
about表示內(nèi)容較為普通,不那么正式.
There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具體的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式,用…語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外,不包括在內(nèi)；
besides 除……之外,包括在內(nèi).
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
編輯本段三.鞏固練習(xí)
1. Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）
2. Go _________ the bridge _________ the river, you’ll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）
3. I go to school __________7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）
4. He would like to meet her __________8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）
5. The Greens have lived in China ________ three years.（in, for, after）
6. We go to school every day ________ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）
7. He wrote the letter _________ ink.（by, with ,in）
8. She returned to her country _________five years.（in, after, for）
9. There is a big tree _________ our classroom.（after, behind）
10. I usually go to work _________ bike.（by, on, with）
編輯本段其它常用介詞
介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小,但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復(fù)雜.下列為常用介詞及含義:
about 關(guān)于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我買了一本有關(guān)莎士比亞的書.
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
圖片里大約有十五棵樹.
above 在.上,高出,以上,超過,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飛機在云上飛行.
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多歲了.
across 橫過,對面,交叉,在...的對面.
Can you swim across the river?
你能游過河嗎?
We live across the street.
我們住在街的對面.
after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.
他放學(xué)后就回家了.
Read after me, please.
請跟我朗讀.
against 撞到,靠著,反對,違背,
The car hit against the tree.
汽車撞了樹.
He is standing against the wall.
他靠墻站著.
along 沿著,順著.
They are walking along the river.
他們沿著河行走.
among 在...當(dāng)中.
He is the tallest among them.
他是他們當(dāng)中個子最高的.
around 在...的周圍,在...那一邊.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣?
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角處有一家藥店.
as 作為.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜歡人們把他當(dāng)小孩子對待.
at 在...時刻,在...點鐘,在...歲時, 向,在...之中,按...速度,值(賣)...錢,
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他時常早上六點鐘起床.
He shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鳥射擊,但是沒射中.
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽車以每小時八十公里的速度行駛.
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(時間)
He took a picture before the car.
他在汽車前照了張照片.
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚飯前他完不成工作.
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于,不如,
遲于,晚于(時間)
Are there any brooms behind the door.
門后有掃帚嗎?
All of us are behind him in mathematics.
我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他.
below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling.
天花板下面有四盞燈.
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.
殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了.
beside 在...的旁邊,在...之外,與...相比.
He found the body beside the river.
他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體.
Beside yours, my computer is too slow.
與你的計算機速度相比,我的就慢多了.
besides 除...之外,
We are all here besides Bowe.
除鮑外,我們也都來了.
between 在...兩者之間,
The relations between the two countries has improved since then.
兩國的關(guān)系從那以后得到了改善.
beyond 在...那邊,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那邊,你不會找不到的.
but 除去.
He has nothing but money.
他除錢以外什么都沒有.
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不遲于, 以...為手段.
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了.
Miss Lucy came to China by air.
露西小姐是乘飛機來中國的.
down 沿著...望下.
She walked down the street.
她沿著街道走.
during 在...期間,在...時候.
During the holiday, we went to the south.
我們假期去了南方.
except 除...之外.
He knows nothing except English.
他除英語以外什么都不知道.
for 為..., 因為..., 至于... .
He works for this company.
他為這家公司工作.
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因為把書留在了那里.
from 從..., 來自..., 因為.
Where are you from?
你是哪里人?
He died from an accident.
他死于一場事故.
in 在..., 在...之內(nèi),從事于..., 按照..., 穿著.
He was born in 1992.
他生于1992年.
I could finish the program in two weeks.
我可以用兩周時間完成這個項目.
He spend less time in reading.
他讀書時間很少.
The man in black jacket is our teacher.
穿黑夾克的那個人是我們的老師.
like 象...,如同.
The twins are like their father.
雙胞胎像他們的父親.
near 靠近.
There are some flowers near the house.
房子附近有一些花.
of ...的,屬于.
This is a map of China.
這是一張中國地圖.
off 離開...,在...之外.
The young man got off the train quickly.
那個年青人很快下了火車.
I live in a village a little way off the main road.
我住在離大路不遠的一個村莊里.
on 在...之上.
My book is on the table.
我的書在桌子上.
out of 從...出來,在...之外.
The dog run out of the house.
狗從房子里跑出來.
outside ... 外邊.
They are waiting outside the gate.
他們在門外等著.
over 在...之上,遍于...之上,越過.
There is a light over the desk.
桌子上方有盞燈.
He is over sixty years old.
他有六十多歲.
past 越過...,過...,超越.
The students walked past the post office.
學(xué)生們走過了郵局.
It is ten past two.
現(xiàn)在是兩點十分.
round 圍著...,繞過...,在...周圍.
We sat round the table.
我們圍著桌子坐下.
The earth goes round the sun.
地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn).
since 自... 以后,自...以來.
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.
從他來到大學(xué)后,他的英語有了很大進步.
through 經(jīng)過...,穿過.
They went through the forest.
他們穿過了森林.
throughout 遍及...,在各處.
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.
警察搜山尋找犯人.
till 直到...,在...以前.
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
他直到十一點鐘才回來.
We'll be home till six.
六點以前我們都會在家.
to 到...,向...,趨于.
How long is it from here to the station?
從這兒到車站有多遠?
under 在...之下,低于.
There are some footballs under the bed.
床底下有幾顆足球.
These students are under seventeen years old.
這些學(xué)生們不到十七歲.
until 直到,在...以前,
Please wait for us until we come back.
請等著我們回來.
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.
直到上周,我才交了數(shù)學(xué)論文.
up 在...上面,在...上.
He went up the stairs.
他上了樓梯.
upon 在...之上,迫近.
It's not polite to look down upon him.
蔑視他是不禮貌的.
within 在...之內(nèi).
You must finish the work within two weeks.
你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項工作.
without 沒有,不,在...之外.
We can't do it better without your help.
沒有你的幫助,我們就做不好.
We couldn't live without air and water.