首先,狀語是修飾性的成分,可以修飾句子也可以修飾動(dòng)詞,所以當(dāng)它修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)比較靠近動(dòng)詞就可以；修飾全句時(shí),放在句首句尾都可以,通常不影響理解位置隨意,所以沒有后置狀語這一說吧
伴隨狀語就是狀語的一種
后置定語就是定語放后了,形容詞充當(dāng)定語成分
伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生,它所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存在的.
例如：①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅里讀報(bào).
②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.他整夜躺在床上睡不著,思考著那個(gè)問題.
伴隨狀語 （我高中老師講的是伴隨情況狀語,都差不多）
可以使用分詞形式
The dog entered the room,following his master
(這條狗跟著主人進(jìn)了屋).
The master entered the room,followed by his dog
(主人進(jìn)了屋,后面跟著他的狗).
用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red
(小女孩們在玩雪,手都凍紅了).
用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
The little boy goes to school,the little dog accompanying him every day
(這小孩每天去上學(xué),那條小狗陪伴著他).
用形容詞
Crusoe went home,full of fear(克魯索滿懷恐懼地回家).
Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard
(運(yùn)動(dòng)員們對比賽奪勝滿懷信心奮力拼搏).
The match will be broadcast live
(這場比賽將作實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播).
He left home young and came back old
(他少小離家老大回).
用名詞
He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire
(他討吃要飯離家,腰纏萬貫回歸).
He who had been twice prime minister of the country,died civilian
(他曾兩度出任這個(gè)國家的總理,而死的時(shí)候卻是一個(gè)平民).
用介詞短語
The girl came back to her mother in tears.
(這女孩眼淚汪汪地回到母親身邊).
How can you go to the wedding party in rags
(你怎能衣衫襤褸地去參加婚宴)?
I went home out of breath(
我上氣不接下氣地回家).
伴隨狀語的判斷
The dog entered the room,following his master.
一般在分詞短語（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng) 過去表被動(dòng)）前有逗號的是伴隨狀語.
形容詞是表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征或?qū)傩缘囊活愒~.它在句中可以充當(dāng)定語,對名詞起修飾、描繪作用,還可以充當(dāng)表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等.形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí),一般放在被修飾的名詞之前,稱作前置定語.但有時(shí)也可放在被修飾的名詞之后,稱作后置定語.
somebody else
else是形容詞 放在了要修飾的名詞后面