抽象名詞首先我們從語(yǔ)言說(shuō)起,語(yǔ)言是思維工具和交際工具.它同思維有密切的聯(lián)系,是思維的載體和物質(zhì)外殼和表現(xiàn)形式,文字是記錄語(yǔ)言的符號(hào),而詞當(dāng)然屬于文字的范疇,在語(yǔ)言學(xué)里,詞是能夠自由運(yùn)用的最小的語(yǔ)言單位. 名詞是詞的一種,是表示人,事物,地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱,名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞,而抽象名詞又是普通名詞的一種,表示動(dòng)作,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)或其他抽象概念.
抽象名詞
抽象名詞主要指一些抽象概念的名稱,它們一般是不可數(shù)的,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面也不能加冠詞a,an.下面是一些常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞：
absence access age agriculture anger
beauty behaviour cancer capacity childhood
comfort concern confidence courage death
democracy depression design duty economy
education energy environment evil existence
experience failure faith fashion fear
finance freedom fun growth happiness
health help history independence industry
insurance intelligence joy justice labour
loneliness love luck magic marriage
mercy music nature patience peace
philosophy pleasure policy poverty power
pride protection purity reality relief
religion respect safety security silence
sleep strength status technology time
trade training transport travel trust
truth violence waste wealth weather
welfare work worth youth
在多數(shù)情況下,這種名詞都用于單數(shù)形式,并不加任何冠詞：
Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量.(諺)
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但有時(shí)也可加定冠詞the(a)或不定冠詞a或an(b)：
a.I did not have the courage to tell you.我沒(méi)有勇氣告訴你.
…
b.We have a great respect for the professor.我們很尊重教授.
…
此外有些抽象名詞也可用作個(gè)體名詞,代表具體的東西,這時(shí)它可以加不定冠詞,也可用于復(fù)數(shù)形式：
用作抽象名詞匯 用作個(gè)體名詞
What are the principles of democracy? A true democracy allows free speech.
什么是民主的原則? 真正的民主國(guó)家允許有言論自由.
It’s beyond my power to help you. The great powers held an international conference.
我沒(méi)有能力幫助你. 這些大國(guó)開(kāi)了一次國(guó)際會(huì)議.
Religion meant more and more to her. There are mang religions in the world.
宗教對(duì)她變得越來(lái)越重要. 世界上有許多種宗教信仰.