一、現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個(gè)基本特點(diǎn).
1.在時(shí)間上表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.例如：a developing country.一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽.（試比較：a developed country 一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家,boiled water 白開水,risen sun 升起的太陽）
2.在語態(tài)上表示主動(dòng).例如：the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級(jí),the exploiting class 剝削階級(jí).（試比較：the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級(jí),the exploited class 被剝削階級(jí)）
二、掌握現(xiàn)在分詞的基本功能.
1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作.也可以說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)和特征,此時(shí)可換成相應(yīng)的定語從句.例如：
① There was a terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.(MET 1989)
A.followed B.following
C.to be followed D.being followed
分析：B .表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,句意是：雷聲跟著閃電.此處的 following ＝ which followed .
② He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow.
A.fly B.flying
C.flew D.to be flying
分析：B .表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,句意是：正在飛的鳥.此處的 a flying bird ＝ a bird which was flying .
③ I was satisfied with the _________ speech.
A.excite B.exciting
C.excited D.be excited
分析：B .表示被修飾詞 speech 的性質(zhì)和特征,此處的 the exciting speech ＝ the speech that/which was exciting .
2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),可作時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作.此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語,因此要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性.例如：
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(NMET 1994)
A.having added B.to add
C.adding D.added
分析：C .句意：來訪的大臣表示了對(duì)談判的滿意,同時(shí)又補(bǔ)充說道他呆在這里很愉快.adding 作伴隨狀語,表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作.所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語.
② European football is played in more than 80 countries,__________ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 1998)
A.making B.makes
C.made D.to make
分析：A .句意：歐式足球在 80 多個(gè)國家開展,其結(jié)果是它使歐式足球成為世界上最受歡迎的體育運(yùn)動(dòng).making 是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語.
③ ________ from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
A.Seeing B.Seen
C.Saw D.To be seeing
分析：A .Seeing 是邏輯主語就是主句的主語 we ,表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作.
3.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作.例如：
① Soon they could see the steam _________ from the wet clothes.
A.rise B.rising