B
下面是各種倒裝句
英語(yǔ)句子使用的目的,可分為四大類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句.這四大類型句子都有可能出現(xiàn)倒裝句.倒裝句分為全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種類型.淺析如下：
一、疑問(wèn)句中出現(xiàn)的倒裝句
1．特殊疑問(wèn)句中
（1） What is this?（全倒裝）
（2） Which do you want?（部分倒裝）
（3） When did you get up yesterday?
2.一般疑問(wèn)句
（1）Do you study English every day?（部分倒裝）
（2）May I come in?
（3）Are you going to be a teacher?
特殊疑問(wèn)句中,如果疑問(wèn)詞做主語(yǔ)或疑問(wèn)詞修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不用倒裝,即用陳述語(yǔ)序.例如：Who did it yesterday?Which comrade can do this work?
一般疑問(wèn)句中,常把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首,即位于主語(yǔ)前,而構(gòu)成部分倒裝.
二、感嘆句中出現(xiàn)倒裝句
1．What 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
（1） What a happy life we have had!(賓語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)前面)
（2） What a fine day it is!（表語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)前面）
（3） What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has set us!
2．How 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
（1）How happy we are!（表語(yǔ)在前面）
（2）How hard they are working!（狀語(yǔ)在前面）
（3）How nice a day it is!
3．副詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
（1）There comes the bus!
（2）In come the students!
（3）Off goes the worker!
What 或 how 引導(dǎo)的句子,主謂也有不倒裝的.
What 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是名詞,這一名詞一般是表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),有時(shí)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞可能是主語(yǔ).例如：What enormous crowd came!（《當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》中冊(cè) P87）.What 也可單獨(dú)使用.例句：What she suffered in the old days!（《英語(yǔ)分類句型》 P90）
How 修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞.有時(shí) how many 的搭配也可修飾名詞.For how many years have I waited!該短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ).（《當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》）
副詞引導(dǎo)詞位于句首,一方面為了強(qiáng)調(diào),另一方面使情景生動(dòng).主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),主謂倒裝；如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,主謂不倒裝.例如：Away he went to the station!
三、祈使句中出現(xiàn)的倒裝
（1）Long live the king!（《最新實(shí)用英漢辭典》P769）
（2）Long live the People's Republic of China!
（3）May you succeed!Long may he live!愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲!（《英華大辭典》 P780）
（4）Don't you open the door.Don't anyone open the door.（《當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》中冊(cè) P85）
祈使句一般無(wú)主語(yǔ),有時(shí)也有主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn).祈使句的主語(yǔ)要重讀,代詞也要重讀（陳述句的主語(yǔ)一般不重讀）.祈使句常用句號(hào).表示一種強(qiáng)烈感情時(shí),句子用感嘆號(hào).
四、陳述句中出現(xiàn)的幾種倒裝句
1.主謂倒裝
（1）Long,long ago there was a war between the birds and the beasts.
（2）Once upon a time there were six blind men in India .
（3）“Come along ,then.”said the bird.
（4）...but toward the end there came the terrible storm...
2．表語(yǔ)倒裝
（1）Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievments（全倒裝句）
（2）Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.
（3）A very reliable person he is.（主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),主謂不倒裝）（《英語(yǔ)分類句型》 P400）
3．賓語(yǔ)倒裝
（1）Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him.
（2）Twenty-one dollars they took for it.
（3）Not a single mistake did he make.
（4）Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.
賓語(yǔ)在前時(shí),多數(shù)屬于強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,句子一般不加助動(dòng)詞,偶爾也有助動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn),如例句（3）.
4．復(fù)合句中的倒裝
（1）I take back what I said .
（2）...and the ship would have sunk with all board had it not been for the captain.要是沒有那位船長(zhǎng),就會(huì)連船帶人都沉沒了.
（3）Were I you,I would go with him.
（4）Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.
（5）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.
（6）Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.
（7）The harder you work,the greater will be your achievement.
5．其他倒裝
陳述句中為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分,或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí),使用倒裝句.
（1）On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words,“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”（定語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)）
（2）They entered the classroom,in front of which sat a naughty boy.（使上下文緊密銜接）
（3）Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.（主語(yǔ)加上定語(yǔ)后太長(zhǎng)而表語(yǔ)短,所以表語(yǔ)在前面,強(qiáng)調(diào)句子平衡）