have been 是現(xiàn)在完成時
1、have been可以認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志.結(jié)構(gòu)have been doing.
一般來說現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時有兩種用法.一表示過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能延續(xù)下去:
He has been working out all day.他整天在鍛煉.(暗示有可能繼續(xù)鍛煉.)
二是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時有時富有情感色彩.這是現(xiàn)在完成時所沒有的功能:
He has been always talking with his girlfriend.他總在跟女友嘮叨.(有情感色彩)
He has always talked with his girlfriend. 他總跟女友聊天.(沒有感情色彩)
2、have been可以認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在完成時的主動形式和被動形式,如:
He has gone to work. 他已去上班了.(主動)
He has been arrested.他被逮捕了.(被動)
had been 是過去完成時
即過去完成過什么動作 做過這件事
i had been a good student我過去曾經(jīng)是一個好學(xué)生
had been也可用在虛擬語氣中 表示假設(shè) 比如說
if i could go to school, i had been agood student