常用形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)

1.當(dāng)as… as 中有名詞時
as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞 /as + many/much +名詞
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
2.倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as= 倍數(shù)+ the+ of,表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時放在as前
This room is twice as big as that one. (Your room is the same size as mine.)
This bridge is three times as long as that one. (This bridge is three times the length of that one. )
Your room is twice as large as mine.( Your room is twice the size of mine.)
3.可修飾比較級的詞 a bit, a little, much,a lot,still, even,far等
4.many,old 和 far
1) 如果后接名詞時, much more +不可數(shù)名詞 ;many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest,elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系.My elder brother is an engineer.
3) far 有兩種比較級,farther,further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離.在美語中,father 表示距離,further表示進(jìn)一步.I have nothing further to say.
5.the + 最高級 + 比較范圍
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用.
形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.
6．“the ＋ 形容詞”的兩種用法
“the＋形容詞”既可以等同于復(fù)數(shù)普通名詞,也可以等同于抽象名詞,代表一類人或事.
The rich are apt to look down upon the poor.富人常常輕視窮人.
The poet had an yearning for the supernatural.詩人憧憬超自然的東西.
這種用法也可以適用于“the＋現(xiàn)在分詞”及“the＋過去分詞”.
The unexpected always happens. 天有不測風(fēng)云.
The wounded and the dying were rushed to hospital. 受傷的人和垂死的人被急送到醫(yī)院去了.
7. “the＋ 比較級＋理由”
該句型具有“更加”的意思.常以“all (或much) the＋ 比較級”的形式出現(xiàn).例如：
I am the more inclined to help him because he is poor. 因?yàn)樗F,我更想幫他.
It is all the more dangerous for not being generally recognized as such.
一般不認(rèn)為危險的,反而更加危險.
8.“the＋比較級...,the＋比較級...”.該句型的意思為“越……越……”.例如：
The more he flatters me,the less I like him.他越是迎合我,我越不喜歡他.
The higher the mountain is, the more people like to climb it; the more dangerous the mountain is, the more they wish to conquer it.山越高,人越想爬；山越危險,人越想征服它.
這種句型常用省略說法,The sooner,the better.越快越好. More haste,less speed. 欲速則不達(dá).
9.“the last＋不定式/形容詞從句”.意思是“最不大可能的、最不適的”.
Money is the last thing he wants, and you won’t succeed by offering it.
他決不要錢,你想用錢去買動他是決不可能的.
The author should be the last person to talk about his work.作者最不宜討論他的作品.
10.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級. Africa is the second largest continent.
11.否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義
Nothing is so easy as this=Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.
12.. more詞組
1) the more… the more… 越……就越……
The harder you work,the greater progress you’ll make.
2) no more… than…不比……多/ no less… than…不如 ……
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
He is no less diligent than you.
3) more than不只是,非常 She is more than kind to us all.
13.“so＋形容詞/副詞＋that”
在“so”后接形容詞和副詞表示因果關(guān)系,“that”之前表示原因,“that”之后表示結(jié)果.例如：
Those ponds and streams are so small that they cannot be shown in your maps.
那些池塘和小溪太小,所以你的地圖上沒有.
He had lived so long in Asia that he had forgotten his English way of life.
他在亞洲住得太久,所以英國的生活習(xí)慣都已經(jīng)忘記了.
14. “so much so that” 理解為“如此……以至于”
The patient was very tired when he returned from the ride, so much so that he could not sit up.
病人坐車回家時非常疲倦,疲倦得甚至不能坐起來.
He is poor, so much so that he can hardly get enough to live.他很窮,窮得幾乎難以生活下去.
15．“more＋原級＋than”
這種句型一般將不同性質(zhì)加以比較,可以理解為“與其說……不如說”.例如：
He is more witty than wise.與其說他聰明,不如說他機(jī)智.
He is more dead than alive. 與其說他活著,不如說他死了.
16．“much more”和“much less”
以上兩種表達(dá)法都有“更加”的意思.“much more”用于肯定句,表示程度加強(qiáng)；“much less”用于否定句,表示程度減少.例如：
I like music, much more dancing.我喜歡音樂,更喜歡跳舞.
I don't like music, much less dancing.我不喜歡音樂,更不喜歡跳舞.
17.．“would sooner(rather)...than”和“ would as soon...as” 均可理解為“寧愿……也不”.
He would rather(sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.
他寧可辭職也不干這種不正當(dāng)?shù)墓串?dāng).
I would as soon die as disgrace myself.我寧死不受辱.
18．“no sooner...than”、“hardly...when”和“scarcely... before”
以上三個句型的意思是“一……就”.應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是,在以上句型中,句子的前半部分一般用過去完成時,而后半部則用一般過去時.該句型通常采用倒裝語序.
No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out.=Scarcely(Hardly) had I opened the cage before (when ) the little bird flew out.我一開籠小鳥就飛出去了.
19．“anything but”、“nothing but”和 “all but”
英語中,“anything but”=never,“ nothing but”=only, “all but”=almost, nearly.
He is anything but a scientist.他決不是科學(xué)家.
I am nothing but a student.我不過是個學(xué)生.
He is all but a fool.他幾乎是個傻瓜.
20．prior、superior 、inferior 、senior 和junior 表示比較時后面用“to”不用“than”
“prior to”意思是早于,比……重要；“superior to”意思是優(yōu)于,高于；
“inferior to”意思是次于 ； “senior to ”意思是年長于,地位高于；
“junior to”意思是年幼于,地位低于,遲于.
The task is prior to all others.這項任務(wù)比其他所有的任務(wù)都重要.
In maths he felt superior to John. 他覺得自己數(shù)學(xué)比約翰強(qiáng).
These apples are inferior in flavor to those. 這些蘋果的味道不如那些.
He is two years senior to me. 他比我大兩歲.
21.much,more,most
(1) more和most的用法相當(dāng)自由：
You should ride more．你必須多騎馬.I use this room most．這個房間我用得最多.
(2)當(dāng)much是原級時,使用范圍較小,意為a lot（許多）時可修飾表示否定意思的動詞：
He doesn’t ride much nowadays．現(xiàn)在他不太騎馬了.
(3)在表示疑問的句子里much主要與how連用.在沒有how的疑問句中可用much,但a lot更常見：
How much has he ridden?他騎馬多嗎?
(4)在肯定句中as/so/too＋much是可以的.在沒有as/so/too的情況下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal會更好：
He shouts so much that… 他叫喊的太厲害了,以至于……
I talk too much．我說得太多了.
但是說：He rides a lot/a great deal．他常騎馬.
(5) very much意為greatly（非常）時,在肯定句中使用比較廣泛.
常和它一起用的詞有blame（責(zé)備）,praise（贊揚(yáng)）,thank（感謝）及一些表達(dá)感情的動詞：admire（欽佩）,amuse（使娛悅）,approve（贊成）,dislike（不喜歡）,distress（使煩惱）,enjoy（喜愛）,impress（使有深刻印象）,like（喜歡）,object（反對）,shock（震驚）,surprise（使驚奇）等等：
Thank you very much．非常感謝你.
They admired him very much．他們很欽佩他.
She objects very much to the noise they make．她非常反對他們弄出的噪音.
(6)much（=greatly非常）可以和very連用,也可以省去very而與下列分詞連用：admired（受欽佩的）,amused（娛悅的）,dis－liked（不受喜歡的）,distressed（煩惱的）, impressed（留有……印象的）,liked（受喜歡的）,shocked（被震驚的）,struck（受巨大影響的）,upset（心煩意亂的）.
He was（very） much admired．
She was （very）much impressed by their good manners．
(7) much意為a lot（許多）時能夠修飾形容詞的比較級和最高級及動詞：
much better好多了
much the best最最好
much more quickly快多了
(8)much too可與形容詞的原級連用：
He spoke much too fast．他說話說得太快了.
(9) most在形容詞或副詞之前,有“很”的意思.主要與雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞/副詞連用：
He was most apologetic．他已表示十分的歉意了.
She behaved most generously．她的行為非常慷慨大度.
22.可修飾比較級的詞
much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal
23.表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級.