一、反意疑問(wèn)句的意義及其構(gòu)成
反意疑問(wèn)句又叫附加疑問(wèn)句,是指當(dāng)提問(wèn)的人對(duì)前面所敘述的事實(shí)不敢肯定,而需要向?qū)Ψ郊右宰C實(shí)時(shí)所提出的問(wèn)句.其結(jié)構(gòu)為：前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)句.完成后一部分簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句時(shí),要根據(jù)前面陳述句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)來(lái)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn),前后兩部分的人稱(chēng)和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致.如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式；反之,前一部分為否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”.

二、簡(jiǎn)單句式結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問(wèn)句的運(yùn)用
反意疑問(wèn)句運(yùn)用于簡(jiǎn)單句式結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí),我們應(yīng)注意掌握以下幾個(gè)方面
1、當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)必須用人稱(chēng)代詞來(lái)代替.
例 Your brother has gone to the library, hasn’t he? 你弟弟去圖書(shū)館了,是嗎?
2、當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it代替；指示代詞是these, those時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they代替.
例 That isn’t a useful book, is it? 那不是一本有用的書(shū),是嗎?
These are important reading materials, aren’t they? 這些都是重要的閱讀材料,是嗎?
3、當(dāng)陳述句部分是I am…時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用aren’t I；如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是I am not時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用am I.
例 I’m late for the meeting, aren’t I? 我開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了,是嗎?
I’m not doing well, am I? 我干得不好,是嗎?
4、當(dāng)陳述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)多用they,但也可用he；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)用it.
例 Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外時(shí),沒(méi)人來(lái)過(guò),是嗎?
Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it? 今天什么都出問(wèn)題了,是不是?
5、當(dāng)陳述部分是“there be + 主語(yǔ) + 其它”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分要用“be (not) + there”結(jié)構(gòu).
例 There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there? 籃子里有些香蕉,是嗎?
6、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have時(shí),有兩種情況 .
（1）have作“有”解時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分可用have（not）或do（not）的相應(yīng)形式.
例 His brother has a new bike, hasn’t (doesn’t) he? 他弟弟有一輛新自行車(chē),是嗎?
（2）have用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分只可用do（not）的相應(yīng)形式.
例 We have to start early, don’t we? 我們必須早點(diǎn)出發(fā),是嗎?
7、當(dāng)陳述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定形式.
注 如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu).
例 It’s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn’t it? 他不可能犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤,是嗎?
8、當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用ought / should (oughtn’t / shouldn’t)；如陳述部分為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to,反意疑問(wèn)部分可用 used或did；如陳述部分為had better,反意疑問(wèn)部分用hadn’t或shouldn’t.
例 Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? 這種事是不允許的,是嗎?
You’d better do it by yourself, hadn’t / shouldn’t you? 你最好自己做,好嗎?
9、當(dāng)陳述句部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分有四種情況
（1）must表示“必須、禁止“時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分要用must (mustn’t) .
例 You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? 你不能把車(chē)停在這地方,知道嗎?
（2）must表示“有必要”時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用needn’t.
例 They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他們今天必須要完成這項(xiàng)工作,是嗎?
（3）當(dāng)must用來(lái)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行“推測(cè)”時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分要根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞采用相應(yīng)的形式.
例 He must be good at maths, isn’t he? 他數(shù)學(xué)一定學(xué)得很好,是嗎?
（4）當(dāng)must用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況進(jìn)行“推測(cè)”（must + have done）時(shí),如強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)（一般句中有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）,反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用“didn’t + 主語(yǔ)”；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成（一般沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）,反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主語(yǔ)”.
例 She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定讀了這本小說(shuō)了,是嗎?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把這事告訴她了,是嗎?
10、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示愿望的wish時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)部分要用may,而且前后兩個(gè)部分均用肯定式.
例 I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day, may I? 我希望總有一天能乘宇宙飛船去月球.
11、感嘆句的反意疑問(wèn)句一律使用否定式,并用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式.
例 What a foolish child (he is), isn’t he? 多傻的孩子啊,不是嗎?
三、并列分句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問(wèn)句的運(yùn)用
當(dāng)陳述句是由并列連接詞and, but, or, for, so等連接的兩個(gè)并列分句組成時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分一般與最接近的分句保持一致,也就是說(shuō),對(duì)后一分句進(jìn)行反問(wèn).
例 He was a lazy child, and he didn’t pass the exam, did he? 他是一個(gè)偷懶的孩子,他沒(méi)能通過(guò)考試,是嗎?
四、復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問(wèn)句的運(yùn)用
反意疑問(wèn)句用于主從復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí),要注意以下三種情況
1.一般情況下,陳述句部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句部分的代詞和助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞保持一致.
例 This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn’t it? 這是他第二次去日本,是嗎?
2.在賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果陳述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 賓語(yǔ)從句”, 反意疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致,并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移.
例 I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you? 我認(rèn)為你以前沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他,是嗎?
注當(dāng)think等這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱(chēng),或主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng),而動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí),這時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞和人稱(chēng)代詞要與主句保持一致.
例 Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she? 瑪麗認(rèn)為你將來(lái)參加晚會(huì),是嗎?
3.當(dāng)陳述句部分為主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it.
例 That he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn’t it? 他沒(méi)有通過(guò)入學(xué)考試使得他的父母十分生氣,是嗎?
五、祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問(wèn)句的運(yùn)用
祈使句反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成,必須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)決定其反意部分,有四種形式.
1．祈使句的肯定形式,其反意問(wèn)句表示“請(qǐng)求”時(shí),通常用will you；表示“邀請(qǐng)、勸說(shuō)”時(shí),用won’t you.
例 Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要給我們寫(xiě)信,好嗎?（表示“請(qǐng)求”）
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚跟我們一起來(lái)吃飯,好嗎?（表示“邀請(qǐng)”）
2．祈使句的否定形式,其反意疑問(wèn)句通常只用will you構(gòu)成.
例 Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 請(qǐng)不要在會(huì)議室抽煙,好嗎?
3．變異祈使句,即句首為一呼語(yǔ),后接第二人稱(chēng)代詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的陳述句,這時(shí),我們應(yīng)視為無(wú)主語(yǔ)的祈使句結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用will you構(gòu)成.
例 Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will you? 邁克,你把這些桌子都搬出隔壁房間,好嗎?
4． Let開(kāi)頭的祈使句,構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),除Let’s用shall we構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句外,其它均用will you.
例 Let the boy go first, will you? 讓那男孩先走,好嗎?
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚飯后,我們?nèi)ド⒉?好嗎?
六、反意疑問(wèn)句的回答
對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答,無(wú)論問(wèn)題的提法如何,如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用yes,事實(shí)是否定的,就要用no.要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定式提問(wèn)時(shí),回答yes或no與漢語(yǔ)正好相反.這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”.
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球,是嗎?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的./ 不是.
---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議,是嗎?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她參加了./ 是的,她沒(méi)參加.
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ).
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義.
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開(kāi)花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問(wèn)部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語(yǔ).
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問(wèn)部分常用don't +主語(yǔ)（didn't +主語(yǔ)）.
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ).
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldn't +主語(yǔ).
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用wouldn't +主語(yǔ).
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定.
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問(wèn)部分用be +主語(yǔ).
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定.
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用it.
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況：
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定.
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句.
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分常用 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ).
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ).
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you.
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問(wèn)部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞.
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式.
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主語(yǔ)
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含義的詞肯定含義
ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語(yǔ)
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(yǔ)(didn't +主語(yǔ))
used todidn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v.wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
must根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
感嘆句中 be +主語(yǔ)
Neither…nor, either…or根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定
指示代詞或不定代詞everything,that,nothing,this 主語(yǔ)用it
并列復(fù)合句 謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定
定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句 謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定
主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)
dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do +主語(yǔ)
省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句will you?
Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句Will you?
there be 相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語(yǔ)代詞）
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式