大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別.原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種.
1) 規(guī)則變化
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級.
構(gòu)成法 原級 比較級 最高級
一般單音節(jié)詞 tall(高的) taller tallest
末尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾和以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest ,able（有能力的) abler ablest
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot熱的) hotter hottest
"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞改y為i,再加
-er,-est easy(容易的)
easier easiest ,busy(忙的) busier busiest
少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-est
clever(聰明的) cleverer cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
其他雙音節(jié)詞和 important(重要的)
多音節(jié)詞,在前 more important
面加more,most most important
來構(gòu)成比較級和 easily(容易地)
最高級.more easily
most easily
2) 不規(guī)則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (壞的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (遠的) farther/further farthest/furthest
比較級形容詞或副詞 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級.
(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對) He is more clever than his brother.
(對) He is cleverer than his brother.
2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中.
(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
3）要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則.
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時候,前面才有可能有名詞.
比較：Which is larger,Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修飾比較級的詞
1）a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even等
2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語.
3）以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面.
典型例題:
1） ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A.any well B.any better C.quite good
D.quite better
答案：B.any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A.more B.much more C.much
D.more much
答案：C.much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案.
3）If there were no examinations,we should have ___ at school.
A.the happiest time B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time D.a much happier time
答案：D.
比較級和最高級一般都要一起講吧
the + 最高級 + 比較范圍
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用.
形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi).
(錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(對) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列詞可修飾最高級,by far,far,much,mostly,almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a.very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同.
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級.
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義.
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.