例如：Many people speak English.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象.例如：English is spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者.所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子,而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子.例如：He opened the door.他開(kāi)了門(mén).(主動(dòng)句)The door was opened.門(mén)被開(kāi)了.(被動(dòng)句)
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成.人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的.現(xiàn)以teach為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋taught
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was／were＋taught
一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／are being＋taught
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being＋taught
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／has been＋taught
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been +taught
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would(was/were going to) be+taught
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí).例如：Some more interesting novelswere stolen last year. 一些新小說(shuō)去年被寫(xiě)了.(沒(méi)說(shuō)小說(shuō)是誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的)This book was published in 1981.這本書(shū)出版于1981年.
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的.This book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的.Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證.
四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ).
(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過(guò)去分詞)(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù),以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式).
(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ),將主格改為賓格.例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.
五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留.
例如：We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.