介詞+WHICH在定語(yǔ)從句中可以代替when,where,和why,用哪一個(gè)介詞要看先行詞和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,介詞要能夠與先行詞搭配使用
、"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間;當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用whom,其余用which,這時(shí)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略;有時(shí)為了使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞,也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面,這時(shí)的which可用that替換.當(dāng)介詞放在從句有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面時(shí),關(guān)系代詞which,that,whom在口語(yǔ)中和非正式文體中經(jīng)常省略.如:
This is the room in which he used to live.= This is the room (which / that) he used to live in.這是他過(guò)去居住過(guò)的房間.
Who's the man with whom you just shook hands?=Who's the man (that / whom) you just shook hands with?剛才你與他握手的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?
但含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面.如:
This is the book (which / that) I'm looking for.這就是我在找的那本書.
在這類定語(yǔ)從句中,介詞的選擇一般根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的需要,如上述幾例,或者根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)決定.如:
There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow.有一座山頂總是覆蓋著雪的山.