現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 I/ we/ you/ they have been working he/ she/ it has been working （一）表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國有2000年的造紙歷史.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） I have been learning English since three years ago.自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） （二）表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作.We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了.（動(dòng)作不在繼續(xù)下去） （三）有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子.They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了.I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了.（四）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子.I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） 我一直在寫一本書.I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成） 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書.They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋.They have built a bridge.他們造了一座橋.（五）表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).I have known him for years.我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)好幾年了.* I have been knowing...這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛,like喜歡,hate討厭,等.比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1）過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響.2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語.一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,last week,…ago,in1980,in October,just now,具體的時(shí)間狀語 共同的時(shí)間狀語:this morning,tonight,this April,now,once,before,already,recently,lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till / until,up to now,in past years,always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語 3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等.舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了.） I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了.） Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了.） Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭.） She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了.She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了.He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為.) I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960）時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí).（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.