（一）一般現(xiàn)在時.（do/does, am/is/are, 情態(tài)動詞）
一般現(xiàn)在時表示的是客觀事實或平時反復(fù)做的事情通常有頻率副詞always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once a week,every day等.
如：The earth goes around the sun.
Japan lies east of China.
He is never late for school.
He often gets up at six every day.
Cats can climb trees.
I hear they have moved into a new house.
He writes to his father once a year.
一般現(xiàn)在時還可以表示、安排好的,或即將發(fā)生的事,通常使用瞬間動詞come,start,begin,return,leave等.
如：My plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..
Is there any meeting today?
The game starts at 8:00.
（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時.（am/is/are doing）
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或最近正在做的事情,后面一般接延續(xù)性的動詞,都表示動作沒有進(jìn)行完.
如：Look! The boy is dancing.
He is watching a football game.
What are you doing now?
They are preparing for the exam recently.
還常與always,usually,constantly,forever,continually等詞連用表示一種語氣,“總是,老是…”,
如：He is always working late.
Why are you always making this kind of mistake?
He is continually getting into trouble with the police.
后面接暫轉(zhuǎn)動詞時表示正在反復(fù)的動作,或表示將來時（一般只有g(shù)o, come, leave和have）
如：The monkeys are jumping.
They are hitting the tree.
表將來：We are going swimming this afternoon.
They are leaving here.
They are having an English class tomorrow.
試比較：
He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home.
He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home.
注：表示知覺、感覺、看法、認(rèn)識、情感或愿望的動詞和大部分暫轉(zhuǎn)動詞不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等
（三）現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時中用瞬間動詞表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作,而且這個動作對現(xiàn)在還有影響,句中的時間副詞主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等；用延續(xù)動詞表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動作,句中的時間副詞主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since…, for….
如：He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t arrived here yet.
They have been here for ten years.
He has waited here since he came.
與一般過去時比較,看下面一段對話：
A: Have you seen my book? I think I have lost it.
B: Yes, I ______ (see) it on your table just now. But it ______(not be) there any longer. Where and when ______ you ______(lose) it?
A: I think I ______ (lose) it yesterday.
B: ______ you ______ (find) it?
A: ______.(Yes./No.)
現(xiàn)在完成時中的瞬間動詞與延續(xù)動詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化：
have finished/stopped/ended → have been over
have started/begun→ have been on
have joined→ have been in/a member of
have turned/become/got → have been
have left→ have been away from
have arrived/reached/got to → have been
have died → have been dead
have married/got married to sb. → have been married to sb.
（四）一般將來時.（will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do）
一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生或打算做的事情,
如：He will come back in two days.
When will he give the book back to me?
It’s going to rain.
We are going to hold a sports meeting next week.
They are leaving for New York.
He is about to leave.
（五）一般過去時.（did, was/were, 情態(tài)動詞過去式）
一般過去時表示在過去的某個時間發(fā)生的具體事情,一般都要有表示過去的時間狀語,
如：He went to school by bike yesterday.
We had a good time last night.
He could count to 1000 when he was three.
He was a teacher before.
注意：在直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時時間狀語的變化：
如：He said, “I did it yesterday.”
→He said he did it the day before.
today → that day
yesterday→ the/a/one day before
the day before yesterday → 2 days before
last week→ the week before
2 weeks ago → 2 week before
tomorrow → the next day/the day after或one/a day later
the day after tomorrow → 2 days after/later
in a week/next week → the next week
in 2 weeks→2 weeks after/later
（六）過去進(jìn)行時.（was/were doing）
過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去的某個具體時間里正在發(fā)生的事情,
如：He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night.
When he got home, his mother was cooking.
或過去的某段時間里持續(xù)發(fā)生的事情,
如：I was studying English in London from 1990 to 1992.
He was washing the dishes from seven o’clock to seven thirty.
（七）過去完成時
表示在過去的一個動作之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作,即過去之過去.注意與現(xiàn)在完成時不同的是過去完成時必須要有具體的時間狀語.
如：The train had left before she got to the station.
They had learnt 2000 words by the end of last month.
He had been a doctor for 3 years before he came here.
He got back the book that he had left in the classroom.
No sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began.
Hardly had he got to the cinema when the film began.
注意：如果兩個或幾個動作連續(xù)發(fā)生且銜接緊密時用一連串的一般過去式即可.
如：He locked the door and went away.
Mr.Smith went to the market, bought some flowers and went to see his friends.
He sent a telegraph home before he left Paris.
（八）過去將來時.（would/should, was/were going to do, was/were doing）
過去將來時表示在過去某時就打算做的事情,或相對于過去將要發(fā)生的事情.
如：They were going swimming when I met them.
He said he would go to New York.
Yesterday he said it was going to rain, but it didn’t.
（九）復(fù)合時態(tài).高中階段所學(xué)到的復(fù)合時態(tài)主要有：
完成進(jìn)行時,將來完成時和將來進(jìn)行時.
完成進(jìn)行時表示到目前為止一直在做某事.過去完成進(jìn)行時還可以表示剛剛結(jié)束的進(jìn)行動作.
如：He has been painting the house the whole morning.
They have been promising us to rise our salary these years.
They had been doing their homework for 3 hours before I came.
I asked him what he had just been doing?
He had just been sleeping before I got there.
將來完成時表示,到將來某時即將結(jié)束的動作.
如：We will have learnt 3000 English words by the end of next term.
They will have finished it by 12:00 tomorrow.
將來進(jìn)行時表示將來某時正在進(jìn)行的動作.
如：We will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.
She will be waiting there at 8 a.m. if you ask her to.