一、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1.動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式：由“ to be + P.P.(過(guò)去分詞)”構(gòu)成,在口語(yǔ)中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,也可以由“to get + P.P.”構(gòu)成.表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者,該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作之后.在句子中可以作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ).例如：
The little child’s wish is to be taken to Disneyland.小孩子的愿望是被領(lǐng)上去迪斯尼樂(lè)園.(作表語(yǔ))
The next thing to be done is to get the students organized in small groups.下一步要做的事是把學(xué)生組織在一些小組里.(作后置定語(yǔ))
They asked to get sent to the west of China to work as teachers.他們請(qǐng)求被派到中國(guó)西部去當(dāng)教師.(作賓語(yǔ))
2.動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式：由“ to have been +P.P.”構(gòu)成,表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者,該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前.例如：
I am glad to have been given a chance to improve my English.我很高興能有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)修英語(yǔ).(作狀語(yǔ))
It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker.當(dāng)選為模范工人對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是一件很光榮的事.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式：由“being + P.P.”構(gòu)成,表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行.在句子中作定語(yǔ)時(shí),可以改為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,從句的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以改為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);還可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等.例如：
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(= You’ll find the topic which is being discussed everywhere.)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在討論這個(gè)話題.(作定語(yǔ))
Being used,the machine can’t be lent to others.(= As it is being used,the machine can’t be lent to others.因?yàn)檎诒皇褂弥?所以這臺(tái)機(jī)器不能借給別人.(作原因狀語(yǔ))
Being criticized helped him see things more clearly.他受到批評(píng)后對(duì)一些事情看得比較明白些了.(作主語(yǔ))
I still remember being taken to Shanghai when I was a child.我還記得小時(shí)候曾被帶到上海.(作賓語(yǔ))
2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式：由“having been + P.P.”構(gòu)成,表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了.在句子中,通常作狀語(yǔ),可以改為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句.例如：
Having been shown around the labs,we were taken to see the library.(= After we had been shown around the labs,we were taken to see the library.參觀了實(shí)驗(yàn)室之后,我們被帶去參觀圖書(shū)館.(作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))