一.常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞look （看起來(lái)）,sound (聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste （嘗起來(lái)）,smell （聞起來(lái)）,feel（感到）,go （變得）,grow (變得)等.
二、一些不能接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
1．The war broke out in 1937.（break out,爆發(fā))
2．The story took place in a small mountain village.(發(fā)生,take place)
三、甚至有些及物動(dòng)詞和可以接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)要看他們作什么意思講,有時(shí)也只能有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而不宜于用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
1．We have six classes every day.(have,上課)
2．The hall can hold more than 500 people.(held,容納)
3．The project lasted 14 years and cost I billion US dollars.(last,延續(xù))
4．No dish suits all tastes.(suit,適合)
類(lèi)似的還有fit ,catch ,get ,take ,own ,meet 等.
四、而有些動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)兼有及物和不及物兩種用法,所以前者有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而后者沒(méi)有.
1．He serves in the Navy Department.(服役,不及物)
2．Hamburger is served in this restaurant.(供應(yīng),及物)
3．The plane toke off at eight last night.(起飛,不及物)
類(lèi)似的還有l(wèi)ook into （作往里看,不及物；作調(diào)查、研究,及物） look up (作好轉(zhuǎn),不及物；作查閱,及物)等.
五、而如果及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞,相互代詞；或者賓語(yǔ)前面有和主語(yǔ)同一人物的物主代詞；或者是同源賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,也常常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).例如：
1．The thief hid himself behind the door .(賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞)
2．We should learn from each other.(賓語(yǔ)為相連代詞)
六、帶賓語(yǔ)從句的句子常常沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1．Marx found that his English was too limited.
2．I don’t know where he lives.
但是,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是believe ,say ,know ,report 等,且賓語(yǔ)從句是由that
or
whether引起的,則常可以用It is believed (say ,know ,report) that (whether)的句型.
七、有些及物動(dòng)詞有其習(xí)慣性用法,常用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)：
1．It is a pretty material ,but it doesn’t wash.
比較：My shirt is usually washed by myself.
2.
The new Ford is selling badly.
比較：All newspapers have been sold out.
類(lèi)似的還有clean ,lock ,write ,play ,start ,cut等.
八、最后要說(shuō)的是另一種情況：英語(yǔ)中有不少動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)常用被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示主動(dòng)的含義.
1．
Be seated,please!
2．
We must be prepared for the worst.
類(lèi)似的還有be determined to ,be absorbed in ,be gone ,be married to ,be hidden ,be interested in
……and
advanced mathematics ,experienced school ,learned man 等中這些定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞也是用過(guò)去分詞表主動(dòng).