【while的用法】
(1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞.
eg.While the discussion was still going on,George came in.
當(dāng)討論還在進行時,喬治走了進來.
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁熱打鐵.
★注意:while,when,as表“當(dāng)……的時候”的區(qū)別
while強調(diào)同時性或某時間段內(nèi)一種情況發(fā)生時另一種情況出現(xiàn),與延續(xù)性動詞連用;when可與延續(xù)或非延續(xù)性動詞連用,在強調(diào)“當(dāng)時”,“這時”之意時when;as強調(diào)同時性,指“一邊……一邊……”一件事情發(fā)生,另一件事情立刻發(fā)生.
eg.———I’m going to the post office.
———______you’re there,can you get me some stamps?
A.As B.While
C.Because D.If
解析:從該題的題意可以看出C、D兩選項不合題意；而as側(cè)重同時性,不合題意;while可指一時間段發(fā)生某情況時,另一情況出現(xiàn),正合題意.
(2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,多用于句首.意為“盡管,雖然”.
eg.While I admit his good points I can see his bad.
盡管我承認他的長處,但我也看到了他的不足.
While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.
雖然他愛他的學(xué)生,可是他對他們很嚴(yán)格.
(3)While作并列連詞用,意思為“而,然而”,表前后意義上的對比或轉(zhuǎn)折.
eg.There’s plenty of rain in the southeast,while there's little in the northeast.
東南部雨量充足,而西北部則很少下雨.
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人浪費糧食,然而有些人卻吃不飽.
eg．She thought I was talking about her daughter,_______,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.
A.whomB.where
C.whichD.while
解析:句意為“她認為我在談她女兒,而實際上我在談我的女兒.”whom,which和where分別是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,后一句并非修飾定語從句,故應(yīng)排除A、B和C選項.
★注意:while與but的區(qū)別
二者都有“而,然而”之意,但while強調(diào)二者的對比,而but強調(diào)前后的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系.
(4)引導(dǎo)條件狀語,意思是“只要”
eg.While there is a will,there is away.有志者事竟成.
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.
只要我們緊密地團結(jié)一致,一定能克服這些困難.
(5)while從句中的省略.當(dāng)while從句中的主語與主句的主語一致,且含有be的某種形式時,從句中的主語連同be可同時省略.
eg.While listening to the radio,she fell asleep.
她在聽收音機時睡著了.
While in London,he studied music and painting.
在倫敦時,他學(xué)習(xí)音樂和繪畫.
(6)while可用作名詞,意為“一會兒;一段時間”
作名詞用時,主要用于短語中:afterawhile“過了一會兒”;allthewhile“一直,始終”;ashort/littlewhileago“剛才”;onceinawhile“偶爾、間或”;wait/rest(for)awhile“等/休息一會兒”.
I haven’t seen her for along while.
我好久沒有看見她了.
He usually goes to work by bike,but once in a while he goes by bus.
他通常騎自行車上班,但偶爾也乘公共汽車.