who (whom) 和that的用法區(qū)別詳解
在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情況下,可以互換使用,但在下列情況下值得注意：
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指人時,只能用who (whom).如：
My sister,who is studying abroad,sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.我姐姐,她在國外學習,就在圣誕節(jié)前給我寄來了漂亮的禮物.
(2) 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時,只能用who (whom).如：
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?你認識黑板前面正在給學生們講話的那位女孩子嗎?
(3) 當先行詞為people和those時,只能用who (whom).如：
Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊.
(4) 當先行詞為one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人) 時,只能用who (whom).如：
Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人.
(5) 先行詞指人,而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,一般多用who.如：
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.昨天來這兒的那個人說過幾天他會再來.
(6) 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who (whom).如：
There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我們班有些學生你見過.
(7) 當句子中有兩個指人的現(xiàn)行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時,若一個定語從句的引導詞為that,那么,另一個定語從句的引導詞必定為who.如：
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你會到的那個男孩是李明的剛從大學畢業(yè)的弟弟.
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 當先行詞前面有形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that.如：
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.在為我們隊踢足球的最高哪個運動員來自山東.
(2) 當先行詞前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very形容詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that.如：
He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.他是唯一的一個對老師說“不”的學生
(3) 當主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時,引導詞只能用that.如：
Who is woman that you talked with just now?剛才跟你談話的那位婦女是誰?
(4) the same as 與 the same that
the same as所引導定語從句的內(nèi)容與先行詞同類而不同物；the same that表示所引導的從句內(nèi)容與先行詞同類同物,即：同一事物.如：
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.她正穿著我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣.
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.她正穿著跟我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣同樣的上衣.